In recent years, there are more and more patients suffering from rectal cancer, which causes great harm and even threatens the life of patients, and due to the lack of in-depth understanding of the disease, it cannot be accurately judged when the disease occurs and causes more serious consequences. In order to reduce the incidence of rectal cancer, we should actively do preventive work in life, so we should not only understand the causes of its incidence but also know its diagnosis methods, and once the disease occurs, we should go to hospital for examination and diagnosis in time.
1. Rectal anal finger retrieval
Anal finger examination is simple and easy to perform, and rectal finger examination is still the most basic and important examination method among a series of pre-surgery examinations for rectal cancer.
2.Laboratory examination
(1) Stool occult blood test: this method is simple and easy to use, and it is the initial screening method for colorectal cancer screening and routine examination of colon diseases. Immunological method can also be applied to improve the correct rate if necessary.
(2) Hemoglobin test: Barium enema or fiber colonoscopy should be recommended for those with unexplained anemia and hemoglobin below 100g/L.
(3) Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test: CEA test does not have specific diagnostic value, so it is not suitable for screening or early diagnosis, but it is helpful for estimating prognosis, monitoring the efficacy and recurrence.
However, it is helpful in estimating the prognosis, monitoring the efficacy and recurrence.
3.Endoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy or fiberoptic colonoscopy should be performed routinely for those who have blood in stool or change in stool habit and no abnormal findings by rectal examination. Endoscopy can observe the lesion under direct vision and take a biopsy for pathological diagnosis.
Fibrous colonoscopy is the most effective, safe and reliable examination method for the diagnosis of lesions in the large intestine, and most of the early colorectal cancers can be detected by endoscopy.
4.Double contrast imaging
The traditional barium enema X-ray examination often has difficulty in showing early cancer and colorectal adenoma, while the double contrast imaging technology has greatly improved the detection rate and diagnostic accuracy of early colorectal cancer and small adenoma, and has become a routine examination in radiology department.
5.CT diagnosis
CT can not be used as a method of early diagnosis, but it is of great significance to the staging of colon cancer, especially for patients who are estimated to be unable to be operated directly, but may be surgically removed after applying external radiation or local intracavitary radiotherapy. The tumor can be directly observed invading the pelvic muscles (levator ani, internal olecranon, coccygeus, pear muscle, gluteus) bladder and prostate.
CT examination of the pelvis can be performed at 3 months after surgery as a base film for follow-up. In addition, CT can provide correct localization and determine the appropriate target volume for the application of radiotherapy for recurrent rectal cancer.
6.Ultrasound imaging examination
Endorectal ultrasonography is a new diagnostic method to detect the invasion of rectal cancer and the degree of infiltration of tumor into the rectal wall, which has been used in clinical practice since 1983. Endorectal ultrasonography can correctly diagnose the location and size of tumor invasion.
7.Magnetic resonance examination
Some researchers claim that magnetic resonance examination (MRI) is more meaningful than CT for external invasion of rectal cancer. However, there are still many technical problems in MRI that need to be improved, and the understanding of the image provided by MRI also needs to be further deepened.
Postoperative care measures for rectal cancer.
1.Postoperative sitz bath, for those with open perineal incision, 1:5000 potassium permanganate solution can be used to sitz bath twice a day after gauze removal to prevent infection.
2.After radical rectal cancer surgery, urinary catheter should be left in place for an extended period of time, and urine volume and nature should be closely observed to facilitate early detection of urinary tract infection and early treatment.
3.Strengthen the care of perineum, apply 0.2% furacilin cotton ball to scrub the perineum twice a day.
4, female patients should strengthen the cleaning of the perineum during menstruation to prevent infection of the incision. Content management system of weaving dream
5, 7-10 days after the removal of the urinary catheter, should drink more water to maintain sufficient urine volume, in order to achieve the role of flushing the urinary tract. Weaving dream content management system
6.Strengthen the care of the perineal incision. When the perineal incision heals in one phase, the outer dressing should be kept clean and dry.
7.After the female patient’s urinary catheter is removed, a female urinal should be used to receive urine to prevent urine from contaminating the incision.
8.Patients should be in semi-recumbent or sitting position after surgery to facilitate drainage. The drainage tube should last for 7-10 days and should be removed by the doctor in stages only after the number of drains is reduced; it is strictly forbidden to remove by the patient or family members.