Comorbidities of childhood obesity

  Diabetes, positively correlated with obesity rate. 20% of diabetes in 10-19 years (USA) Dyslipidemia: mostly reduced HDL. 12-17%. metabolic syndrome 4.2% in 12-19 years, risk of metabolic syndrome close to 50% in severely obese (BMI ≥ 40.6 kg/m2) prepubertal or adolescent girls. Obesity is associated with hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinemia and predisposes them to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a condition exacerbated by the disease.  Hypertension: associated with BMI, skinfold thickness and waist-to-hip ratio Proteinuria, focal staged glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and even towards end-stage renal – renal failure Correlation between childhood obesity and asthma; the mechanisms are not clear, but obesity has been clinically found to be a risk factor for increased prevalence, increased severity, impaired lung function and poor control of asthma in children.  Obesity increases the likelihood of “obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome” (OSAHS) sixfold, and the incidence of OSAHS increases if adenoids and tonsils are also enlarged.  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD) is on the rise: some studies have shown that the incidence of NAFLD is as high as 68% in moderate to severe obesity. It is characterized by elevated ALT and fatty liver. May develop into cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease.  Gallstone disease: 2% gallstone disease in obese children and 0.6% in non-obese children. Other risk factors: metabolic syndrome, hyperinsulinemia and rapid and significant weight loss.  Other: knee valgus, slipped femoral epiphysis, knee pain, flatfoot, spondylolisthesis, scoliosis, osteoarthritis 15-fold increase in prevalence of pseudotumors. Increased risk of intracranial hypertension.  Certain cancers Psychological abnormalities So, obesity is also a disease and it should be taken seriously.