For patients who need surgery, regardless of the size of the operation, they will produce tension, anxiety and fear. When patients feel nervous, anxious and afraid, it will affect the nervous system, leading to sympathetic excitation, increasing the secretion of adrenaline and norepinephrine, causing an increase in blood pressure and heart rate, and some patients appear to have cold limbs, shaking, pale face and other manifestations after entering the operating room, and they are sensitive to Some patients show signs such as cold limbs, trembling and pale face after entering the operating room, and are abnormally sensitive to the surgical environment and the words of medical staff. Therefore, it is very important for doctors to help patients to adjust their psychological state, which is very beneficial to the successful completion of surgery and postoperative rehabilitation, and is an indispensable part of the whole surgical activity. 1. Pre-operative psychological adjustment of patients Due to the special nature of anorectal surgery, patients are afraid of surgical pain and worried about the recovery of anal function after surgery. For this characteristic, you can communicate with the doctor in advance to inform the opinions and requirements. At the same time, the doctor should give a detailed explanation of the condition to the patient and his family, explain the general situation of the operation in a kind language, and use appropriate language to explain the possible discomfort during the operation. For example, when doing internal hemorrhoid ligation, some patients may experience a sensation of falling, as if the large intestine is going to fall out of the anus. At that time, the patient should be prepared, and the patient can breathe deeply and try to relax, which can reduce the discomfort. When communicating with patients during the operation, we should pay attention to the language expressions and use more body language to communicate. We should try to reduce and mitigate the sound of touching surgical instruments and let patients see the cut tissue as appropriate. 2, the patient’s postoperative psychological adjustment When the surgery is over, the patient is most eager to know the real situation of their surgery and the surgical effect. Therefore, the psychological adjustment of postoperative patients is the key to promote and ensure the smooth recovery of patients after surgery, and the following points should be done: 2.1 Postoperative information For the psychological characteristics of patients, medical and nursing staff should take the initiative to enthusiastically do a good job of introducing and explaining the work of patiently listening to the problems raised by patients, carefully encouraging, supporting and stabilizing their emotions, and relieving their anxiety and boredom. When patients return to the ward, doctors and nurses should comfort and encourage them with kind and amiable language, briefly explain that the operation went well, so as to avoid patients’ excessive pain and anxiety after surgery, and tell them that they can recover their health as long as they cooperate with the treatment. 2.2 Postoperative urinary retention Postoperative urinary effort and urinary retention are common complications in anorectal surgery, which requires correct encouragement and guidance for patients. Hot compresses on the small abdomen, listening to the sound of running water and acupuncture point stimulation are used to make the patient urinate smoothly and reduce pain. 2.3 Postoperative pain Postoperative pain in anorectal patients is not only related to the surgical site, incision method and the proper application of sedatives, but also different from each individual’s ability to tolerate pain and response to pain. Patients who are overly focused and emotionally stressed can exacerbate pain. Therefore, continuous analgesia or temporary medication can be used for different patients to relieve pain, and to be sensitive to and understand the patient’s mood and to reduce pain in each specific session. For example, hinting can reduce pain, and listening to his favorite music can also reduce pain. 2.4 Postoperative defecation Postoperative patients need to defecate, sitz bath and change medicine every day. Due to the fear of pain, a considerable number of patients are afraid to defecate and restrict their dietary intake, which greatly affects the recovery of the disease. It also invariably increases the patient’s pain. Therefore, the doctor should encourage the patient to eat properly, eat more easily digestible food, more tofu, fruit juice and vegetable soup to keep the bowel movement smooth. Patients can also be instructed to take 60ml of glycerin enema in the morning for a week after surgery to relieve pain and keep bowel movement smooth. 2.5 Adjustment of mind After the postoperative patients have calmed down, they will generally appear depressed and moody, mainly showing reluctance to talk, activity, irritability and agitation, poor appetite and sleep, and irregular bowel movement. If this psychological state of the patient is not adjusted in time, it will affect the patient’s postoperative recovery. Therefore, doctors and their family members should try to help patients to solve their depression and to accurately understand patients’ character, temperament and psychological characteristics. Language is an important communication tool for human beings, and the findings of modern medical and behavioral sciences show that human mind and body interact with each other. Therefore, it is necessary to care for them with enthusiasm and consideration, and pay attention to the details of care, so that they realize that since they have successfully passed the operation, they should strive to recover their health as soon as possible. Most patients have to go through a long recovery process after surgery. And they have to pass the pain barrier every day. No matter how strong-willed people are, optimistic and open-minded patients also want to be comforted and encouraged by people, and the comfort and encouragement of medical staff is the most direct and effective spiritual treatment, which is very beneficial to the early recovery of patients. In conclusion, the preoperative and postoperative psychological changes of patients are very complicated processes, and a good psychological state is the key to promote the smooth recovery of patients. Patients should communicate with doctors in a timely manner to let them understand their thoughts, while doctors should understand the various needs of patients in a timely manner, observe carefully, listen patiently, talk tactfully, encourage warmly, and explain carefully to eliminate patients’ fear and anxiety before and after surgery to reduce complications and alleviate pain, so that patients have a good state of mind to cooperate with surgical treatment and recover smoothly.