Chronic nephritis is a syndrome with hematuria, proteinuria, edema and hypertension as the main clinical manifestations, which may develop into chronic renal insufficiency as the disease progresses. Chronic nephritis is a clinical diagnosis, based on clinical manifestations to diagnose; chronic renal insufficiency, is to make a diagnosis with elevated blood creatinine or decreased creatinine clearance to evaluate renal function. Generally the glomerular filtration rate is below 80ml/min to consider the existence of chronic renal insufficiency. The basic clinical manifestations of chronic nephritis are proteinuria, hematuria, hypertension and edema. The disease progresses slowly, and there may be different degrees of renal impairment, i.e., chronic renal insufficiency manifestation, and some patients may eventually develop to end-stage renal failure. Chronic nephritis is the most common cause of chronic renal insufficiency. Chronic renal insufficiency is not a disease diagnosis, it is the common outcome of various chronic kidney diseases that continue to progress to the late stage, which is a clinical syndrome characterized by metabolite retention, water, electrolyte and acid-base balance imbalance and systemic symptoms. It is recommended that patients with chronic renal insufficiency or chronic nephritis should go to the hospital in time and follow the doctor’s instructions for standardized treatment.