Disorientation refers to the impairment of the patient’s perception of time, place, surrounding people and themselves. Self-directional disorder is one of them. Self-orientation is the ability to recognize people as well as one’s own state. It is the loss of the ability to recognize or misperceive one’s own state. Disorientation disorders are mostly seen in various organic psychiatric disorders. It is often considered as one of the symptoms of organic syndromes and is also seen in people with mental retardation, such as Alzheimer’s disease and people with mental retardation, as well as in functional neuropathies and neurographic disorders. What is the main differential diagnosis of self-direction disorder? 1. Disorders of consciousness: Patients present with varying levels of reduced clarity of consciousness within a few hours to a few days. The patient may show dullness of perception, inattention, disorientation, delusion or hallucination, incoherent language, and increased or decreased movement. The level of clarity of consciousness tends to fluctuate throughout the day. Disorders of consciousness are reversible. The patient is completely unable to recall or can only partially recall after waking up. 2.Memory impairment: near-event memory deficits and distant memory deficits, the former appearing earlier and more pronounced. 3. Dementia: The onset of dementia is mostly slow, with deficits in proximal memory and judgment, diminished abstract thinking ability, slow and poor thinking, and reduced social or occupational functioning. At the same time, the patient’s attention is lax, initiative is reduced, emotion is slow, self-control is weakened, morality is corrupted, and personality is significantly changed. Patients with dementia may experience fragmentary hallucinations and delusions. Dementia is often progressive and irreversible. To clarify the etiological diagnosis of organic psychosis, a thorough routine examination and necessary laboratory tests such as electroencephalography, cranial radiography, cerebral angiography, computed tomography (CT for short) and head MRI are performed. Treatment includes both etiological treatment and symptomatic management.