EB generally refers to the EB virus, which belongs to the genus Lymphotropic Virus of the Herpesviridae family and has a DNA genome. The EB virus can exclusively infect human and primate B cells in vivo and in vitro, and can be transmitted through saliva. Most young children are asymptomatic when infected with the virus, and more than 90% of young children between the ages of 3 and 5 years have been infected with EBV, while more than 90% of adults have antibodies to the virus. At the same time, EBV can cause infectious mononucleosis, and is also associated with nasopharyngeal cancer, childhood lymphoma and other diseases, and is also known as one of the human tumor viruses that may cause cancer. EBV mainly proliferates in the pharyngeal epithelial cells and then infects B lymphocytes, and when a large number of cells enter the blood circulation, it induces a systemic infection and becomes latent in the lymphatic tissues of the human body for a long period of time. At present, EBV infection can be prevented by vaccination, and antiviral drugs such as acyclovir are used in the clinic for infected patients. Patients are advised to recognize EBV correctly and get vaccinated as early as possible according to their own situation, so as to achieve preventive effect.