Inguinal hernia: A protrusion of abdominal viscera in the groin through a defect in the abdominal wall is called an inguinal hernia and is the most common type of extra-abdominal hernia, which can be divided into two types: inguinal hernia and inguinal hernia. There are two types of inguinal hernias, congenital and acquired. Congenital patients often have developmental defects of the tissues, while acquired cases are often due to increased intra-abdominal pressure or weakness of the abdominal wall, pelvic wall and diaphragm (including muscle paralysis, loss of dense connective tissue and abnormal collagen metabolism). The basic symptom is the presence of a reducible mass in the inguinal region, which is usually uncomfortable and only occasionally associated with localized distension and involvement pain. As the disease progresses, the mass may gradually increase in size and descend from the groin into the scrotum or labia majora, making walking difficult and interfering with work. Hernia is mostly painless and uncomfortable. When standing, the hernia mass appears immediately and disappears when lying down. Most hernias are elective, but if they are complicated by intussusception, emergency surgery is required. Otherwise, there is a risk of strangulation of the hernia contents, necrosis (mostly of the intestinal canal) and life-threatening injuries. There are many surgical approaches to hernias, which can be grouped into three categories: high-grade ligation, hernia repair, and hernioplasty. The common surgical principles are removal of the hernia sac, high ligation or suturing of the hernia sac stump, and closure and strengthening of local tissue defects or areas of weakness. Most of them are elective surgeries. However, an incarcerated hernia requires urgent surgery to prevent necrosis of the hernia contents and to relieve the accompanying intestinal obstruction, and a strangulated hernia requires even more surgery when the contents are necrotic. The prognosis after surgery is generally good. However, preoperative conditions such as chronic cough, difficulty in urination, constipation, ascites, pregnancy and other conditions with increased intra-abdominal pressure should be treated first; otherwise, surgical treatment is prone to recurrence.