What’s going on under the eyes?

Facial spasm is an involuntary movement disorder whose etiology is not yet fully understood, and may be related to blood vessels or to stimulation of the facial nerve. Treatment requires symptomatic treatment with drugs, commonly used carbamazepine, thiopride, haloperidol, etc. Drugs that improve neurotrophic supply and increase mitochondrial energy can also be used, such as edebenone, cytarabine capsules, nicergoline, etc. If medication is not effective, surgical treatment can be considered. Botulinum toxin injections, which need to be repeated every 3-6 months, can also be used and may cause symptoms of facial nerve paralysis. Botox injections need to be repeated every 3-6 months and may cause facial nerve palsy. Surgery is also known to cause facial nerve palsy and has more side effects, so it is rarely chosen as a last resort.