Monitoring of patients with early stage breast cancer

  The majority of new breast cancer cases are early stage breast cancers and are successfully treated with surgery and/or radiation therapy and a range of systemic treatments. However, approximately 30% of these patients will eventually develop local recurrence or distant metastases. According to conventional wisdom, early detection and treatment of the disease is believed to lead to better outcomes. Based on this view, many doctors perform regular in-depth examinations to detect recurrence of the disease at an earlier stage.  Breast cancer metastases tend to occur in certain areas, including local soft tissues and lymph nodes, bone, lung and liver, among which bone metastases are the most common, followed by local recurrence. The main manifestation of bone injury is bone pain. Chest wall masses or enlarged lymph nodes are often not associated with any symptoms and are usually found on physical examination. Patients with lung metastases usually present with shortness of breath, cough, chest pain, and hemoptysis. Liver metastases rarely present with clinical symptoms, and when symptoms such as pain, anorexia, and jaundice appear, they usually indicate advanced disease. Central nervous system metastases present with symptoms that usually manifest as alterations in the functions governed by the metastatic site. Patients may have non-specific complaints, such as headache, back pain, diplopia, loss of specific sensation or function, or loss of bowel or bladder function.  2. Examination of recurrence Bone scan is an important examination for bone metastasis, but it does not play an important role in asymptomatic patients. Chest radiography is also not very useful if applied to the examination of lung metastasis. Liver function tests are relatively economical for the determination of liver damage, but their specificity is low. Currently, CT of chest, abdomen and head are more often used in clinical practice, which may be more helpful to detect metastatic lesions in lung, liver and brain. In addition, some tumor markers such as CA153 and CEA tests can appear elevated before the appearance of clinical symptoms or before abnormalities are detected by impact studies. Regular review of contralateral breast ultrasound or radiography can detect contralateral breast cancer at an early stage. Early detection and timely treatment can reduce the lethality of contralateral breast cancer.  Women with breast cancer face a range of psychological, social, and related medical issues, including disease recovery, sexuality, disability, depression, lymphedema, insurance restrictions, and employment discrimination. Once diagnosed with recurrence, patients’ quality of life decreases, even if they have no clinical symptoms. At this time, patients want to be cared for by their physicians so that we can give them the most appropriate treatment advice and confidence to improve their quality of life.