Nowadays, patients who go to the hospital and complain to the doctor about buttock pain are especially many, mainly the following diseases can be considered: First, pyriformis syndrome Pyriformis muscle starts from the front of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th sacral vertebrae, distributes in the inner surface of the small pelvis, enters into the buttock through the sciatic foramen, and stops in the femur big thick rumble. This muscle due to acute and chronic injuries, or coupled with anatomical variations, so that prone to injurious inflammatory changes, irritation or compression of the nerve, resulting in low back pain, known as the pyriformis syndrome, also known as the femoral nerve pelvic outlet syndrome. Piriformis muscle injury is mostly caused by lower extremity abduction, external rotation or internal rotation and other violent movements. Its symptoms are very similar to intervertebral disc herniation, but the patient does not have low back pain and spinal signs, there is obvious pressure pain and radiating pain in the localization of the pyriformis muscle, the pain is reduced after straight leg elevation of 60 °, and the localized pain disappears; the pain disappears after pyriformis muscle block. Patients complain of pain in the buttocks and lower limbs, mostly chronic, sometimes with acute episodes, aggravated by walking or activities, intermittent claudication may occur, alleviated by bed rest. Straight leg elevation test can be positive, accompanied by calf and lateral foot numbness, coughing, sneezing without radiating pain, severe symptoms of the patient’s pain can be cut-like, tear-like severe pain, walking difficulties. Physical examination can be seen gluteal muscle atrophy, sciatica big cut side area with pressure pain, rectal palpation may touch the swelling and thickening of the pyriformis muscle, and can lead to the emergence of the above symptoms. 1, pear-shaped muscle syndrome patients, no obvious pressure pain and deformity in the lumbar region, activities are not limited; 2, pear-shaped muscle tension test positive; specific steps are as follows: the patient lying on his back on the examination bed, straighten the affected limb, do the internal retraction and internal rotation, such as the sciatic nerve has radiating pain, and then quickly adduction of the affected limb, external rotation, the pain is immediately relieved, that is, the pear-shaped muscle tension test is positive. It is a common examination method for pyriformis syndrome. 3. The pain will be relieved immediately after the pressure point is closed locally with a long needle. Second, sciatic neuritis primary sciatica: that is, the sciatic nerve inflammatory lesions, or sciatic nerve by direct injury (buttock injection, surgery). The onset of the disease is more acute, the pain along the sciatic nerve pathway from the buttock through the posterior thigh, N nest to the lateral calf dispersion to the distal end of the pain for persistent dull pain, and can be exacerbated by episodes or burning-like pain, pain relief when standing. Some people suddenly feel a sharp pain on one side of the buttocks, along with the same side of the leg and foot also a burst of numbness, and then the pain slowly disappeared. Third, radicular sciatica, mostly due to disc herniation, spinal osteoarthritis, spinal bone tumors and ligamentum flavum thickening and other intravertebral canal and spinal lesions. The onset of slow, with a history of chronic low back pain, sitting more walking pain is obvious, lying pain relief or disappear, the symptoms can be recurrent, lateral calf, dorsum of the foot skin sensation decreased or disappeared, foot and toe dorsiflexion flexor muscle strength, ankle reflex decreased or disappeared, this kind of lesions can be done to assist in the diagnosis of X-ray examination. Fourth, buttock abscess abscess has deep and shallow points, general subcutaneous soft tissue formation of abscess is called shallow abscess, and is located in the deep fascia as well as the muscle layer, deep tissue gap formation of abscess is called deep abscess. Buttock muscle developed fractional block, the largest of which is the gluteus maximus muscle, if the muscle or intermuscular septic infection, it will form a deep abscess. Fifth, sciatic nerve sheath tumor nerve sheath tumor occurs in sensory, motor or mixed peripheral nerve sheath cells, mostly in the neck and limb nerves, the size of the general about 3cm, a few have more than 10cm, sciatic nerve sheath tumor buttock bulge, see deeper there is a huge mass, surgery is the only treatment for this disease. Sixth, gluteal epithelial neuritis is also called “lumbar spinal nerve posterior branch pain”, its etiology is multi-faceted, such as intervertebral small joint lesions, osteophytes, spinal nerve posterior branch compression, posterior branch of chronic aseptic inflammation. Because the superior gluteal cutaneous nerve comes from the lateral cutaneous branch of the posterior branch of the lumbar 1-3 spinal nerves, which is distributed in the lateral skin over the buttocks, the pain often occurs in the lumbar, buttock, and thighs, and seldom exceeds the knee joint. Comprehensive judgment is made based on history, symptoms, and signs. There is pressure pain and soft tissue strip-like hardness 3-5cm below the highest part of the iliac crest. Dense sacroiliitis is a non-specific inflammation characterized by osteosclerosis, with highly dense osteosclerosis, especially in the lower 2/3 of the ilium, but there is no change in the joint space. There is recurrent lower back pain, sometimes radiating down to both buttocks and thighs. Pseudo sciatica is caused by swelling of the gluteus minimus muscle in the buttocks after frostbite, which compresses the sciatic nerve and causes pain. Pseudosciatica causes buttock pain that is painless in the lower back but most painful in the buttocks with pressure.