Peritoneal dialysis is one of the three major alternative treatments (hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, kidney transplantation) for end-stage renal disease. It utilizes the body’s own peritoneum as a semi-permeable membrane, and injects dialysis fluid into the peritoneal cavity through a peritoneal dialysis catheter. With the help of the solute concentration and osmotic gradient of the plasma in the capillaries on both sides of the peritoneum and the dialysis fluid in the peritoneal cavity, it can remove the metabolic wastes, toxins, and excess water from the body, and maintain the body’s acid-electrolyte balance. Over the past 10 years, with the growing maturity of peritoneal dialysis technology and the improvement of people’s understanding of it, the number of peritoneal dialysis patients worldwide is steadily increasing year by year. 1, the indications of peritoneal dialysis The following patients can first choose peritoneal dialysis treatment: (1) elderly patients older than 65 years old; (2) patients with cardiovascular diseases, such as angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrhythmia, intractable cardiac failure, low blood pressure or uncontrollable high blood pressure, etc.; (3) patients with previous cerebrovascular accidents, such as cerebral hemorrhage, etc.; (4) diabetic patients (4) Patients with diabetes mellitus, especially those with combined fundopathy or peripheral neuropathy; (5) Children; (6) Patients with poor peripheral vascular conditions who have failed multiple angiographic fistulae; (7) Patients with obvious bleeding tendency. 2, the clinical significance of timely dialysis It is generally believed that if the patient has obvious uremic symptoms, blood creatinine reaches more than 707umol/L, urea nitrogen reaches more than 30mmol/L, and/or endogenous creatinine clearance <10ml/min, dialysis treatment can be taken. However, the above indications are not absolute, and the timing of dialysis should also be determined in the light of the patient's symptoms, complication status and economic situation. At present, it is believed that peritoneal dialysis can be advanced appropriately if it is too late to enter dialysis, the renal function is damaged to a certain degree, and the accumulation of urinary toxins in the body will cause serious damage to the function of organs in the whole body, especially the damage to the heart, brain, kidneys, and the blood system, etc., coupled with a long-term low-protein diet can lead to malnutrition, which will cause the quality of patients' survival to decline significantly. 3, the advantages of peritoneal dialysis (1) the body's internal environment is stable peritoneal dialysis is a continuous treatment, closer to the body's normal physiological process, so the hemodynamic changes are small, the dialysis process is smooth, you can avoid hypotension caused by the rapid reduction of blood volume, so it is more suitable for the elderly, especially for the patients who are accompanied by cardiovascular disease hemodynamic instability. (2) Better removal of intermediate molecular substances Peritoneal dialysis is the use of human peritoneal tissue as a semi-permeable membrane for dialysis, and staying in the abdomen at night is conducive to the removal of intermediate molecular toxins. Some medium molecular toxins such as parathyroid hormone cause calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorders, leading to the occurrence of renal bone disease; leptin affects appetite and causes gastrointestinal reactions. Currently, many studies have proved that intermediate molecular toxins can also lead to neurological lesions and so on. So peritoneal dialysis is more advantageous for the improvement of anemia, renal bone disease and neuropathy. (3)Beneficial to the protection of residual renal function More studies have shown that the decline rate of residual renal function in peritoneal dialysis patients is significantly lower than that in hemodialysis patients, and the residual renal function is very important to improve the quality of life of dialysis patients and improve the survival period of patients, and it is beneficial to the correction of the complications such as anemia, hypertension, and renal osteopathy, etc., and it is also beneficial to the restoration of renal function if it is converted to the renal transplantation treatment. (4)Good safety Peritoneal dialysis utilizes the body's own peritoneum, which is biocompatible, does not require the establishment of long-term vascular access, does not require the use of heparin, does not increase the risk of bleeding, and can avoid the occurrence of blood-related infectious diseases, such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis, AIDS and so on. (5) Easy to operate Peritoneal dialysis does not need to rely on hospitals and special equipment, and is easy to carry. Patients can perform it at home, which basically does not affect their work and life, and eliminates the hard work of traveling between residence and hospitals all the time, so that patients can really return to their families and society and maintain a better quality of life. (6) Lower cost The economic pressure of choosing peritoneal dialysis treatment is obviously lower than that of hemodialysis. Peritoneal dialysis fluid is about RMB 40 per bag (including iodophor cap), and the annual treatment cost of peritoneal dialysis with 8 liters per day is about RMB 58,400 yuan; hemodialysis is RMB 400 per time, and the annual treatment cost of hemodialysis with 3 times per week is about RMB 62,400 yuan. The Nanjing Health Insurance Center stipulates that the cost of dialysis (including hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis) above RMB 40,000 yuan to RMB 63,000 yuan should be paid by the individual at 10%, and the individual should take care of the cost in excess of this amount. Therefore, the out-of-pocket expenses of peritoneal dialysis patients are less than those of hemodialysis, and the balance of medical insurance can reduce the pressure of patients' usual medication and hospitalization.