Chronic renal failure, in layman’s terms, is the decline of renal function caused by various primary and secondary chronic kidney diseases (such as chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, uric acid nephropathy, lupus nephritis, purpura nephritis and so on) when they reach an advanced stage of development. With the progression of renal disease, the structure and function of kidneys are damaged, the metabolites in the body can not be effectively excreted from the body, so that the internal environment of the human body is disturbed, and a series of clinical symptoms will appear, such as edema, elevated blood pressure, anemia, increased nocturia, nausea and vomiting, the smell of urine in the mouth, shortness of breath, palpitations, itchy skin, cramps in hands and feet and so on, which is renal failure. Clinically, we usually use blood creatinine and endogenous creatinine clearance to evaluate a person’s renal function status. Compared with acute renal failure, chronic renal failure has a longer process, the evolution of clinical symptoms is a gradual process, the early stage is often no obvious symptoms, or only manifested as some symptoms of the original kidney disease, easy to be ignored, so that many patients are found to have reached the stage of uremia. According to the level of blood creatinine and glomerular filtration rate, chronic renal failure can be divided into four stages, namely, compensated renal failure, compensated renal failure and uremia: 1, compensated renal failure: assuming that a person’s glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of normal renal function is 100%, the compensated renal failure GFR is only 35-50% of the normal, and there is no symptom of renal failure in this period. In this period, there is no symptom of renal failure, and the symptoms of the original kidney disease are the main symptoms, and the blood creatinine is in the normal range. 2.Renal failure period: it is the early stage of renal failure, when the GFR is reduced to 21-35% of normal, the blood creatinine is higher than the normal value, lower than 450µmol/L, that is, it is the period of renal failure, usually there are no obvious clinical symptoms, and it only manifests as polyuria and nocturia, and there can be a mild anemia. 3.Renal failure stage: when the GFR is reduced to 11-20% of normal, and the blood creatinine is 451-707µmol/L, it is the renal failure stage. At this time, patients tend to anemia symptoms are more obvious, and edema, electrolyte imbalance, metabolic acidosis, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, etc., there can be gastrointestinal (not think of food, nausea and vomiting), cardiovascular (chest tightness, palpitations) and central nervous system symptoms (changes in consciousness). 4, uremia stage: is the late stage of renal failure, when the GFR fell to below 10% of normal, blood creatinine higher than 707µmol/L is uremia stage, then the patient clinically appear obvious uremia syndrome, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and neurological symptoms are more prominent, water, electrolyte imbalance, and obvious symptoms of acidosis. At present, the treatment of chronic renal failure in western medicine mainly adopts the methods of limiting protein intake, actively treating the original renal disease that causes renal failure in the early stage of the disease, controlling blood pressure, controlling metabolic disorders, maintaining the body’s water, electrolyte and acid-base balance, correcting anemia and preventing infections, etc., which aims at slowing down the progression of the disease, but the condition of chronic renal failure itself is progressive, and it will eventually enter the end-stage. However, chronic renal failure is progressive and will eventually enter end-stage renal failure, requiring renal replacement therapy. Clinical studies over the years have shown that Chinese medicine has better advantages in treating chronic renal failure. The advantage of Chinese medicine in treating chronic renal failure lies in the fact that it adjusts the balance of yin and yang of the human body through the identification of evidence, in order to maintain kidney qi, pass down the turbidity, activate blood circulation and remove blood stasis, so as to achieve the purpose of delaying the process of renal failure, improving the clinical symptoms of patients, and improving the quality of life of patients. According to Chinese medicine, the basic pathology of chronic renal failure is the so-called “basic deficiency”, which refers to the拼腑虚损, 残废, especially the spleen and kidney; “standard reality” refers to the dampness and turbidity evils retained in the body due to the deficiency of the internal organs and the dysfunction of qi and chemical functions. Therefore, our treatment principle for chronic renal failure is not only to support the positive qi, but also to eliminate the toxins in the body by transforming dampness and draining turbidity. In the specific identification, it is necessary to identify which organs are deficient, whether it is qi deficiency, blood deficiency, yin deficiency or yang deficiency, and whether it is accompanied by pathological factors such as damp-heat, exogenous sensation, liver-yang, blood stasis, etc. In the basis of the above identification, the prescription of medicines is made, so as to make the treatment more individualized, instead of using one prescription for all people in a thousand different ways. Chinese medicine also emphasizes the combination of internal and external treatment, i.e., on the basis of taking Chinese medicine internally, with enema therapy, medicated bath therapy, compress therapy, or intravenous infusion of Chinese medicinal preparations that have the effect of activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis, clearing heat and removing toxins, and tonifying qi and yin, etc., so as to regulate the blood flow in the kidney, support the positive qi, get rid of the evil spirits and eliminate the toxins and improve the efficacy of the treatment through the administration of medicines through multiple pathways. Enema therapy is especially suitable for patients with constipation, even if there is no constipation, enema therapy may also be used to promote intestinal mucosa to the absorption of drugs in order to expel toxins from the body, for edema, or itching of the skin of the patient with the use of medicinal baths can often reduce the symptoms. Dietary therapy is also very important, which Western medicine attaches great importance to, Chinese medicine also has its own unique characteristics. The purpose of Western dietary therapy is to reduce the burden on the kidneys and slow down the process of renal failure, while Chinese medicine believes that food and medicine have the same origin, and the purpose of treatment and prevention can also be achieved through diet. Well, there are many dietary remedies for chronic renal failure, which can be applied in conjunction with the treatment, such as old duck stewed with Cordyceps sinensis, Gorgon fruit and round-grained rice congee, and so on. In recent years, the therapeutic effect of some traditional Chinese medicines, such as Cordyceps sinensis, rhubarb, and湿血化瘀药物, on chronic renal failure has been confirmed by modern medical researches, and it has been promoted by western kidney disease experts and widely used in clinic, which is enough to prove the advantages of Chinese medicine treatment. Scholars of Chinese medicine and kidney disease have also developed some proprietary Chinese medicines with good therapeutic effects proved by clinical practice, such as Kidney Protecting Tablets, Urea Clearing Granules, Haikun Kidney Xie and so on. In the treatment, we also pay attention to the different stages of renal function and adopt different strategies to achieve different purposes. In the early and middle stages of chronic renal failure, i.e. when the blood creatinine is lower than 450 micro;mol/L, the clinical symptoms of patients at this time are not obvious, and the focus of the treatment is to slow down the progression of the disease process; to the late stage, i.e. when the blood creatinine is more than 450µmol/L or more, the clinical symptoms of the patients at this time are more prominent, and should be in the process of slowing down the progression of the disease process at the same time, and try to improve the clinical symptoms of the patients, such as Nausea and vomiting, edema, fatigue, itchy skin and other symptoms, so that patients have a relatively good quality of life. For patients who have entered dialysis treatment, traditional Chinese medicine is used to protect residual renal function in order to achieve adequate dialysis and further improve the quality of life. Finally, we emphasize the organic combination of Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of chronic renal failure. It has been proved that the addition of traditional Chinese medicine on the basis of Western medicine treatment can help to slow down the process of renal function decline, improve clinical symptoms, improve the quality of life, and receive better clinical efficacy. Early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment are the most crucial to improve the prognosis of the disease.