Disorientation refers to the impairment of the patient’s perception of time, place, surrounding people and themselves. Self-directional disorder is one of them. Self-orientation is the ability to recognize people as well as one’s own state. It is the loss of the ability to recognize or misperceive one’s own state. Disorientation disorders are mostly seen in various organic psychiatric disorders. It is often considered to be one of the symptoms of organic syndromes and is also seen in people with mental retardation, such as Alzheimer’s disease and people with mental retardation, as well as in functional neuropathies and neurographic disorders. What is the clinical diagnosis of self-direction disorder? The typical first sign of cognitive decline is memory impairment. Early on, the impairment of near memory is predominant, while the impairment of distant memory is relatively mild, manifested by the inability to remember what has just happened or what has just been said, forgetting the names of familiar people, while the memory of things that are long ago is relatively clear. In the early stage, it is often ignored and considered to be a forgetfulness of the elderly, but gradually it will affect the patient’s daily life. At the same time, language function is gradually impaired and difficulty in finding words and names occurs. Difficulties in calculation, disorientation of time and place, and decreased executive function may occur. Psychiatric symptoms and behavioral disorders include psychological symptoms such as depression, anxiety, hallucinations, delusions and insomnia; behavioral symptoms such as pacing, aggressive behavior, aimless wandering, fidgeting, inappropriate behavior and screaming. They occur in most patients with dementia as the disease progresses, with an incidence of about 70-0%, affecting the quality of life of patients and caregivers and easily becoming the main reason for hospitalization of patients with dementia. Progressive decline in ability to perform daily living activities The manifestations are increasing difficulty in completing daily living and tasks, needing assistance in eating, dressing and going to the toilet, being unable to handle simple financial problems, needing care from others in daily life, and eventually becoming completely unable to care for themselves. It usually takes 8-10 years for patients to progress from mild to severe.