Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the thyroid gland, and the survival time varies depending on the type of pathology, individual patient differences, and tumor stage. The common pathological types are: 1. papillary carcinoma: it is the most important type of adult thyroid cancer and all thyroid cancers in children, with lower degree of malignancy, lymph node metastasis may appear earlier, but it can be cured by surgical treatment and has a good prognosis. 2. Follicular adenocarcinoma: mostly seen in middle-aged people around 50 years old, the tumor grows faster and is moderately malignant, and has the tendency to invade blood vessels, and can be metastasized to the lungs, liver, bone and central nervous system. The prognosis is not as good as papillary carcinoma. 3. Medullary carcinoma: the degree of malignancy is moderate, and there may be invasion of lymph nodes in the neck and hematogenous metastasis, the prognosis is not as good as papillary carcinoma. 4. Undifferentiated carcinoma: it is mostly seen in the elderly around 70 years old, with rapid development, highly malignant and poor prognosis, with an average survival of 3~6 months, and the survival rate of one year is only 5~15%. Surgery is an important means of treatment for thyroid cancer, so it is important to seek medical treatment at an early stage, and individualized surgery should be carried out by professional doctors after assessing the patient’s specific disease condition and the extent of lymph node metastasis, in order to achieve the best therapeutic effect and prolong the prognosis, and it is important not to be negligent in order to avoid delaying the condition.