In the United States, approximately 600,000 hernia repairs are performed each year. Many hernia repairs are performed using the traditional open approach. Other repairs are performed using a method called laparoscopy (a microscopic lens). If your surgeon recommends laparoscopic treatment, this material will help you learn about hernias and laparoscopic treatment.
What is a hernia?
A bulge or tear in the abdomen called a hernia (“hernia”) occurs when the muscles in the inner layers of the abdomen are strained or weakened. Just like a tire, when the outer tire is damaged and the inner tire bulges out of the break, the internal structures of the abdominal wall bulge out through the weak abdominal wall and form a sac. A segment of small intestine or other abdominal tissue can then enter this sac. A hernia can cause severe abdominal pain or other potentially serious problems. Sometimes emergency surgery may be needed.
Both men and women can have a hernia.
Hernias can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired (developed gradually).
Hernias do not get better over time, i.e. they do not go away (heal) on their own.
How do I know I have a hernia?
Areas prone to hernias are the groin, the belly button, and incisions where surgery has been performed.
Generally speaking, hernias are easy to detect. You may see a bulge in the skin of your abdominal wall; or you may feel pain when you lift heavy objects, cough, urinate or defecate hard, stand or sit for long periods of time.
The pain may feel sharp and fast, or it may be a dull ache that continues to get worse for a very long time.
If you have severe/persistent pain, or redness at the hernia, or tenderness that occurs easily, contact your doctor or surgeon immediately. This is because it may be a sign of an ingrown D (stuck intestine or other tissue) or g narrowing of the hernia.
What are the causes of a hernia?
Some parts of the abdominal wall are born with potentially weak parts. Due to old age, injury, old surgical incisions, or congenital weakness of the skin, the abdominal wall can develop a hernia from a weak spot (or other places) under pressure. People of any age can have a hernia. Most childhood hernias are congenital. In adults, hernias are either due to congenital weakness of the abdominal wall, or the abdominal wall becomes weak or even tears due to difficulty in lifting heavy objects, persistent coughing, urination or defecation.
What are the benefits of laparoscopic hernia repair?
Laparoscopic hernia repair is a small incision, lens-assisted approach to repair a break in the abnormal abdominal wall (muscle). This procedure allows the patient to experience less pain than traditional open surgery and to return to daily work and activities more quickly
Are you m fit for a laparoscopic hernia repair? The surgeon’s decision about whether you are a candidate for laparoscopic hernia repair will be made after a thorough examination. This procedure may not be suitable for some patients (especially those who have had abdominal surgery or have other potential risks).
What you need to do before surgery
Most hernia surgeries are performed on an outpatient basis in a surgical clinic. So you can usually go home the same day as the surgery.
Depending on the patient’s age and medical condition, pre-surgery preparation should also include blood work, medical evaluation, chest x-ray, and an EKG.
After evaluating the potential risks and benefits of the procedure with your surgeon, you will need to sign a written consent form for the procedure.
It is recommended that you take a shower the night before or early in the morning of your surgery.
If you have difficulty passing stool, you will need to consult your surgeon about the need for an enema or similar preparation.
You should not eat anything, drink water, or consume any beverages after midnight the night before surgery (unless your surgeon tells you to take medication the morning of surgery and to take a small sip of water for your medication).
Temporarily stop taking aspirin, anticoagulants, anti-inflammatory medications (such as those for arthritis) and high doses of vitamin E one week before surgery.
Discontinue dietary therapy and the use of St. John’s Wort (also known as ~BN) two weeks prior to surgery.
Stop smoking and other preparations before surgery.
How is laparoscopic hernia repair M performed?
There are several options for treating a hernia.
Hernia belt. Rarely recommended because they are not very effective.
Most hernias require surgical treatment.
Surgery will be performed in one of two ways.
I. Open surgery involves a 3- to 4-inch incision in the groin (or the hernia). The incision will be made through the skin, subcutaneous fat, and allow the surgeon access to the defect. The surgeon may use a small piece of specially made medical “surgical mesh” to repair the defect or hole in the abdominal wall. The procedure usually requires only local anesthesia and sedation. However, sometimes spinal or general anesthesia may be required.
II. Laparoscopic hernia repair is performed with a laparoscope (a very small macroscopic lens with a special camera attached) placed inside a trocar (a small hollow tube) that allows the surgeon to see the hernia and surrounding tissue on a screen. Additional insertion of a number of trocars is used to allow the surgeon to perform operations. It is usually necessary to make 3 to 4 1/4 inch pokes and then repair the hernia from behind the abdominal wall. The surgeon places a medical surgical mesh over the defect, which is then held in place with a small surgical fixation staple. The procedure usually requires general anesthesia, and sometimes local or spinal anesthesia may be used.
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What should I pay attention to after surgery?
After laparoscopic hernia repair, you will be transferred to the recovery room for observation for approximately 1 to 2 hours until you are fully awake.
Once you are awake and able to walk, you will be sent home.
You will feel sore for 24 to 48 hours after the hernia surgery.
You are advised to get up and walk around the day after surgery.
Patients who have undergone laparoscopic hernia repair usually return to their daily activities soon afterwards, including showering, {, going to the bathroom, etc.
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Comorbidities in hand g (15 heart men)
Comorbidities can occur with any surgery. The major comorbidities commonly seen in general surgery include bleeding and infection not commonly seen in laparoscopic hernia repair.
There is a risk of injury to the bladder, bowel, blood vessels, nerves, or vas deferens during surgery, but the risk is low.
Temporary difficulty with urination after surgery is sometimes seen. You will need to have a bladder catheter placed temporarily for about a day.
The hernia may recur after the revision surgery. The long-term recurrence rate is not known. Your surgeon will help you decide whether it is better to have a laparoscopic hernia repair than not to have the surgery.
What are the waiting times?
It is important to have your human or surgical surgeon in the following situations.
- Holding a high temperature of 101A (39z)
- Bleeding
-Bleeding in the abdomen or groin
- No bad milk function after treatment
- Heartburn or vomiting
- Inability to urinate
- Chills
- Persistent cough or shortness of breath
- There are chemical substances coming out of the incision
- Large or tamped hand incision
At present, laparoscopic hernia repair is also very popular in China and is a relatively advanced minimally invasive surgery. The surgical methods and precautions are basically the same as those described by the Americans, except that in China, such an operation must be hospitalized, which involves the issue of reimbursement of medical expenses and the gap between the national physique and that of Europe and the United States.
Domestic experience concludes that laparoscopic hernia repair has the following advantages compared with traditional hernia repair surgery.
① good cosmetic results, no large incisions, only three small holes of 0.5 to 1.0 cm poked in the abdominal wall.
(ii) Less surgical trauma, less postoperative pain, and less use of analgesic drugs.
③ quick recovery, with discharge in two days after surgery.
④No disruption of inguinal canal anatomy, levator muscle, no damage to vas deferens and spermatic cord vessels and nerves, thus avoiding ischemic testicular inflammation.
⑤ Especially suitable for bilateral inguinal hernias, which can be repaired at the same time without additional poking holes, and the minimally invasive effect is more obvious.
(6) The recurrence rate is lower than that of traditional hernia repair.
Disadvantages.
1) General anesthesia is not tolerated by some frail and sickly elderly people.
2) Higher cost.
3) Long surgical learning curve and high requirements for surgeons.