Congenital immunodeficiency, also known as primary immunodeficiency disease, is mostly related to genetic factors, and can usually be treated by preventing and controlling infections, alternative therapies and immune reconstitution as prescribed by the doctor. 1. Prevention and control of infection: anti-infection and anti-viral drugs can be used. For multi-drug-resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections, drugs such as penicillin and amoxicillin can be used; for Gram-negative bacterial infections, drugs such as levofloxacin and amikacin can be used; and for viral infections, anti-viral drugs such as acyclovir and ganciclovir can be used for treatment. 2. Alternative therapy: Children with primary immunodeficiency disease can be treated with intravenous gammaglobulin, fresh plasma transfusion, leukocyte transfusion or cytokine therapy, etc. The main purpose is to enhance immunity and temporarily relieve symptoms. 3. Immune reconstruction: normal cells or gene fragments are implanted into the patient’s body to make it function, which can better correct the immunodeficiency, and the common ways are thymus transplantation, stem cell transplantation and gene therapy. At present, there is no better way to prevent primary immunodeficiency disease, the main thing is early detection, early treatment, timely consultation, to avoid delaying the disease and causing adverse consequences.