Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is an idiopathic generalized epilepsy syndrome with myoclonic seizures as the main manifestation. It has a diverse genetic pattern. The age of onset is mainly between 8 and 22 years, with a mean age of onset of 15 years; those younger than 8 years and older than 22 years are rare. There is no gender difference in the onset of the disease. Clinical manifestations: 1. Myoclonic seizures: The initial symptoms are often myoclonus soon after waking up or sudden involuntary dropping of objects held in the hands soon after waking up, such as flinging off a toothbrush or chopsticks, which some parents mistakenly think that the patient is fidgety and do not consider as a seizure. Myoclonus without impaired consciousness is the main symptom of JME, characterized by brief, bilaterally symmetrical, synchronized, rhythmless muscle contractions, commonly in the shoulders and arms, but also in the lower limbs, trunk or head, and occasionally unilaterally. The frequency and intensity of myoclonic seizures vary widely, and the jerking may be perceived by the patient only as a mild electric shock, or if the jerking is a bit more intense, the person may fall with the object or fall to the ground. Although occasional strong myoclonic seizures may temporarily put the patient in a disorientation-like state, JME seizures are generally clear, and myoclonus can occur in rapid succession or even progress to a sustained myoclonic state. 2. Typical aphasic seizures: 10%-15% of patients have aphasic seizures, which last for a short period of time (such as a flash of brain blankness), and the degree of impaired consciousness is mild and often not easily detected by bystanders. 3. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures: 85% of patients develop generalized tonic-clonic seizures months or years after the onset of the disease. EEG examination: Many negative routine EEG examinations are easily missed and require further long-range video EEG (including sleep cycles). The typical EEG during myoclonic seizures shows widespread, fast, symmetrical multi-spike waves and multi-spike slow waves followed by a few slow waves. The interictal EEG may have 3-6 HZ full-conductor spikes or multi-spike slow waves. Sleep deprivation, flash stimulation, etc. can induce seizures. Focal abnormal waves can be recorded in about 1/3 of patients, including focal single spike waves, spike and slow complex waves, or focal slow waves. 90% of JME is misdiagnosed due to physicians’ unfamiliarity with JME, failure to ask for a history of myoclonic seizures, mistaking aphasia for complex partial seizures, mistaking myoclonus for focal motor seizures, inappropriate interpretation of focal EEG abnormalities, and negative general EEG. negative, etc. Treatment: abstain from bad habits such as staying up late and drinking alcohol, avoid flash stimulation (special effects movies with frequent screen flicker are not recommended) Anti-epileptic drugs are preferred to sodium valproate, followed by levetiracetam and topiramate, and lamotrigine is effective in some patients. Clonazepam alone may be used for those with myoclonic seizures only. Carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine can aggravate myoclonic seizures. Prognosis: Anti-epileptic drug therapy is effective and prone to recurrence after discontinuation. long-term rational drug use can effectively control seizures. seizures will be reduced after age 40, but seizures may persist for a long time or even for life, and cases with all three seizure forms may be drug-resistant. Discontinuation of medication is not recommended!