Infantile thalassemia does not require special treatment if it is a mild form of thalassemia; intermediate and severe forms require blood product transfusions for treatment.
Thalassemia is a hereditary hemolytic anemia caused by a reduction or complete absence of the synthesis of the hemoglobin peptide chain of the hemoglobin, i.e., dysglobinopoietic anemia, also known as thalassemia maritima.
1. Mild, quiescent forms of thalassemia generally do not require treatment. For children with mild or intermediate thalassemia whose hemoglobin is greater than 75 g/L, no treatment is required if there are no obvious developmental disorders.
2. Patients with severe and intermediate thalassemia can take folic acid supplements. Red blood cell transfusion and targeted treatment (e.g., prednisone) are needed for severe anemia or hemolytic crisis. Children with long-term blood transfusion should be evaluated regularly for iron overload, and iron removal therapy (Deferasirox) is needed if necessary.
It is recommended to choose the appropriate treatment to maintain hemoglobin concentration, to ensure the quality of life of the child and to prevent complications under the guidance of a medical professional.