After human beings evolved from quadrupedal walking to bipedal walking, the neck, in order to support the head, and the waist, in order to support the body vertically, showed an S-shaped bend (physiological bend). When the waist, which supports the heavy upper body, and the neck, which supports the head, are overloaded, the human body is prone to lumbago and shoulder pain. Most lumbago is caused by poor posture, overexertion, overloading of the muscles of the lumbar spine and lower back caused by lumbar disc herniation, lumbar spinal stenosis, lumbar spine deformation, compression fracture, lumbar spine contusion, etc. In addition to these lumbar diseases there are also abdominal or lower abdominal, pubic and other parts of the body etiology. Such as kidney or ureter, large intestine, aorta, gynecological and urological diseases, malignant tumors, etc. can also produce lumbar pain, in addition to stress and physical and mental diseases, autonomic disorders, etc. Lumbar disc herniation: The lumbar intervertebral disc is composed of a round gel-like nucleus pulposus and its surrounding fibrous ring, and the vertebral body plays a cushioning role. But this resilient disc can lose water with age leading to degeneration. When pressure is applied to the disc, the nucleus pulposus is squeezed out of the cracks in the annulus fibrosus to compress the nerve roots in the back. Why the compression of the nerve causes pain is actually not very clear; whether the pain is due to mechanical irritation of the painful nerve or whether the blood vessels extending with the nerve are compressed and in a state of ischemia is not clear. The place where herniated discs occur is concentrated between the 4th and 5th lumbar vertebrae, or between the 5th lumbar vertebrae and the coccyx. The main symptom of a herniated disc is not only low back pain, but also pain and paresthesia that diffuse into the lower extremities. The pain increases when sitting with a forward lean compared to standing. In addition, when the nerve roots connected to the sciatic nerve are compressed, pain is produced in the thighs and calves and feet, and this is called sciatica. The use of pain medication, nerve block, tights, warmth and traction can relieve the symptoms. When daily life, especially movement, becomes impaired, the nucleus pulposus is usually removed through surgery, percutaneous lumbar disc removal, decompression surgery or surgery using endoscopy, which can be done for a short time, but for long-term results, time is still needed to observe. Lumbar spinal stenosis: The lumbar spine has canals called spinal canals between the vertebrae and the arch of the spine, which contain the cremaster and cremaster nerves. The cremasteric nerves in the lumbar region form bundles that extend out of the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramen and into the lumbar region and legs. Lumbar spinal stenosis is a narrowing of the spinal canal for a variety of reasons that produces lesions by compressing nerves and blood vessels. Common causes of spinal stenosis include congenital causes and herniated discs, cremasteropathies, deformational lumbar spondylosis, and ligamentous hypertrophy, which are more common in patients of advanced age. Low back pain and leg pain and paresthesia are the main symptoms, and there will be pain or paresthesia inability to move the leg with slight walking. Low back pain can be removed with medication and nerve blocks to improve blood circulation thus making the symptoms better. If the neurological symptoms worsen and you cannot walk or if urination and defecation become impaired, surgery is required. Lumbar spine deformity: This is mainly caused by the aging and deformation of the intervertebral discs. The intervertebral discs lose elasticity with aging, the intervertebral space narrows, the vertebrae collide with each other, the intervertebral joints connecting the vertebrae wear out, and the bones around the vertebrae are stimulated to proliferate, causing pain by compressing the nerves and surrounding tissues. Treatment is based on nerve block therapy, anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs, traction therapy and warmth therapy, etc. Osteoporosis: This is a decrease in calcium in the bone and produces pain in the back or lumbar region. With osteoporosis, it is easy to trip and fall leading to fractures, and the femur, neck, etc. and wrist are prone to fractures, especially in menopausal women, who are more prone to osteoporosis than men due to insufficient calcium in the bones caused by insufficient estrogen. Therefore, attention should be paid to the intake of calcium-containing foods, or adequate intake of foods containing vitamin D, which promotes calcium absorption. Proper exercise has a role in the prevention of osteoporosis, and regular bone density measurement. For the prevention and treatment of low back pain in life can be carried out with reference to the following. 1. avoid overexertion: avoid overburdening the lumbar spine and muscles due to gravity. 2. reduce weight: obesity will burden the lumbar spine. 3. appropriate activities: maintaining the same posture for a long time will cause the blood circulation of the lumbar muscles and bones to be disrupted and the muscles to be partially ischemic, causing low back pain. 4. bar suspension exercise: equivalent to performing Traction therapy.