If it is determined that the severity and clinical signs of vesicoureteral reflux require surgical treatment, there are several common procedures that can be considered. The principle of the surgery…
The ureter is a tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder, and if it does not develop properly at the end, it can bulge and form a…
Primary fibroepithelial ureteral polyps are rare benign tumors that commonly occur in young adults, with the highest incidence between the ages of 25-45. They are more common in males, with…
1. What is vesicoureteral reflux (VUR,vesico-ureteric reflux)? Urine flows from the renal pelvis through the ureter into the bladder, and when the bladder is full, the detrusor muscle contracts to…
Patient: I knew it was a left heavy kidney during pregnancy, but it was just that the fluid in the upper pole pelvis suddenly got bigger at 32 weeks, 2…
Low grade vesicoureteral reflux, especially in infants (less than one year of age), does not necessarily require surgery and can be managed or reduced with medication first, as described below…
Today’s term “ureteral cyst” is equivalent to the English term “Ureterocele”, but such a Chinese translation deprives it of the “-cele” suffix However, such a Chinese translation has lost the…
Primary vesicoureteral reflux in children is associated with urinary tract infections and kidney damage. Bacteria from urinary tract infections enter the bladder from the perineum through the urethra, and small…
A ureteral cyst is a congenital developmental abnormality, a developmental defect in the part of the ureter that enters the bladder, resulting in a very small ureteral opening that forms…
Ureteral cysts are caused by narrowing of the ureteral opening, weakness of the muscular layer of the ureteral segment into the bladder and poor urine elimination, resulting in gradual enlargement…