The causes of epilepsy are various, such as cortical developmental disorders, cerebrovascular diseases, brain tumors, brain trauma, parasitic infections, etc.; there are also some epilepsies whose etiology is still unclear. Epilepsy is a chronic brain disease caused by abnormal discharge of neurons in the brain resulting in brain dysfunction, characterized by seizures, transient, repetitive and stereotyped, and its clinical manifestations are complex and varied; the disease can be categorized into secondary epilepsy, idiopathic epilepsy, and cryptogenic epilepsy according to the etiology of the disease. 1. Secondary epilepsy: the causes of this type of epilepsy are clear, such as cortical developmental disorders, brain tumors, traumatic brain injury, central nervous system infections, cerebrovascular disease, parasitic infections, genetic metabolic disorders and so on. 2. idiopathic epilepsy: also known as primary epilepsy, the cause of which is unknown and may be related to genetic factors. 3. Cryptogenic epilepsy: this type of epilepsy is more common, with clinical manifestations of secondary epilepsy, but the cause is still unclear. If patients are diagnosed with epilepsy, they should go to regular hospitals and receive standardized treatment under the guidance of professional doctors to reduce the adverse effects of the disease.