pT2N1Mx means that the tumor was staged according to pathology, the extent of the tumor was T2, a few nearby lymph nodes were involved, and distant metastasis could not be assessed. 1. p is for pathology, and pTNM means tumor staging based on pathological findings. 2. T is the abbreviation of tumor, which means the extent of the tumor, in cavity organs such as the stomach, it means the depth of infiltration, and in parenchymal organs such as the liver, it means the size of the tumor. The grading criteria of T is different in different organs, so it is necessary to provide the organs and tissues in order to decipher the specific meaning of T2. 3. N is the abbreviation of node, which indicates the involvement of lymph nodes; N1 generally indicates the involvement of a few lymph nodes near the primary focus. N1 generally indicates involvement of a few lymph nodes in the vicinity of the primary focus. Again, the grading criteria for N vary among organs, so organ information is needed to interpret the meaning of N1. 4. M is the abbreviation for metastasis, which indicates the presence of distant metastases. mx indicates that the presence of distant metastases cannot be assessed. TNM is a common staging method for tumors, which provides a visual picture of the status of the tumor, and has become one of the criteria for selecting treatment modalities, as well as having a correlation with prognosis.