Myelodysplastic syndromes have no self-cure and are commonly treated with supportive therapy, immunomodulators, immunosuppressants, demethylating drugs, chemotherapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Myelodysplastic syndrome is a heterogeneous myeloid clonal disease, often originating from hematopoietic stem cells, and cannot be cured by itself.
1. Supportive treatment: red blood cell transfusion is given when hemoglobin <60g/L or accompanied by obvious anemia symptoms; platelet transfusion is given when platelet <10×10^9/L or active bleeding; the indications for transfusion are appropriately relaxed for the elderly and those with limited compensatory capacity.
2. Immunomodulator treatment: thalidomide can improve red blood line hematopoiesis, reduce or get rid of blood transfusion dependence.
3. Immunosuppressants: including thymocyte globulin and cyclosporin A, etc.
4. Demethylating drugs: such as 5-azacitidine and decitabine, etc., which can improve survival, hematopoiesis and so on.
5. chemotherapy: for higher risk patients, small doses of azacitidine, plus hematopoietic growth factor, combined with akrasinomycin or hypertriglyceride or desmethylxorubicin can be used.
6. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: the only way to cure, need to strictly select suitable patients.
When myelodysplastic syndrome occurs, it is recommended to consult and treat promptly under the guidance of physicians, and various treatments need to pay attention to the indications, contraindications and adverse reactions.