The function of melanocytes is to secrete melanin, which serves to protect the keratinocytes on the surface of the skin. Melanocytes are cells located in the basal layer of the epidermis that synthesize and secrete melanin and store it in the keratinocytes to protect them from light radiation, which can cause chromosomal damage to the cells, and darker skin tones due to the fact that melanin is stored in the keratinocytes. If the melanocytes are damaged, it will lead to less melanin synthesis in the body, and the damaged melanocytes will activate the body’s immune system, which will lead to the death of more melanocytes, which will lead to the occurrence of vitiligo, albinism and other diseases. Clinically, the regulatory mechanism of melanocytes can be applied to treat albinism and vitiligo, and if there is any abnormality of melanocytes, you should seek medical treatment in time.