The five elements corresponding to the kidney in Chinese medicine are water; The Five Elements are the movement and changes of the five basic substances: wood, fire, earth, gold and water. Five Elements scholarship uses the characteristics of the five substances and their laws of mutual birth and mutual restraint to illustrate the physiological functions of the five organs. Among the five organs, the kidney corresponds to the five elements of water, the corresponding season is winter, the corresponding direction is north, and the five qi is cold. The main physiological functions of the kidneys are: the kidneys store essence, and are responsible for growth, development and reproduction; the kidneys are responsible for water, and the kidneys are responsible for holding qi. Among the five organs, the liver corresponds to wood, and water begets wood; the lung corresponds to gold, and gold begets water; therefore, lung gold is the mother of kidney water, and liver wood is the son of kidney water. The heart corresponds to fire, and kidney water overrides heart fire; the spleen corresponds to earth, and spleen earth overrides kidney water. The normal physiological relationship of the five organs is explained by the relationship of birth and death; if the relationship of mutual restraint is too much or not enough, the pathological relationship of the five elements and five organs multiplying and insulting each other will appear. The description of the five organs corresponding to the five elements in Chinese medicine can illustrate the transmission law of the physiological and pathological relationship of the human body, which is of great value to the diagnosis and treatment of Chinese medicine. Specific clinical problems need to be analyzed in the context of clinical reality for more comprehensive diagnosis and treatment.