Multiple myeloma is a malignant tumor of plasma cells. It is characterized by clonal proliferation and accumulation of plasma cells in the bone marrow, secretion of monoclonal immunoglobulins or their fragments (M proteins), and extensive osteolytic lesions or osteoporosis with clinical manifestations such as anemia, infection, and renal impairment. Without treatment, the median survival of patients with progressive MM is only 6 months. The efficiency of conventional chemotherapy is 40-60%, with a complete remission rate of less than 5% and a median survival of no more than 3 years. About 25% of patients survive for more than 5 years, and less than 5% of MM patients survive for 10 years. The treatment of multiple myeloma includes: 1. chemotherapy: 1. induction therapy: The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) treatment guidelines recommend the melphalan and prednisone (MP) regimen, the vincristine combined with adriamycin and dexamethasone (VAD) regimen, high-dose dexamethasone, thalidomide and dexamethasone, and the DVD regimen of liposomal adriamycin combined with vincristine and dexamethasone. The MP regimen has an efficiency of 60% and an overall survival of 24 to 36 months. If the patient is younger than 50 years of age, high-dose chemotherapy (radiation) + stem cell transplantation may be the best option, followed by high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation with VAD induction. If the patient is 50-70 years old, high-dose chemotherapy should be pursued according to the specific situation. 2.Maintenance therapy: chemotherapy generally lasts for 2 courses after reaching the maximum response, and continued treatment does not prolong the plateau period. Subsequent treatment must be selected according to age, general condition and the patient’s own wishes. These include: observation and maintenance therapy, autologous stem cell transplantation, and allogeneic HSCT. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT): ASCT is available for patients whose initial treatment is effective or who have reached plateau; patients whose remedial chemotherapy is effective or who have reached plateau are eligible for transplantation as part of a clinical trial. Patients planned for transplantation at disease progression may have hematopoietic stem cells collected earlier for backup when maximum therapeutic effect is achieved. Allogeneic HSCT: allo-HSCT can be used in young MM patients with a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-compatible donor. It is generally indicated for the following conditions: effective on initial treatment as part of a clinical trial; effective on remedial therapy after relapse as part of a clinical trial; and in patients who have relapsed after autologous transplantation. 3. Novel biologically targeted drugs: Novel biologically targeted drugs include bisphosphonates, response stop and its analogues, proteasome inhibitors (Vanco), arsenic trioxide, and vascular growth factor inhibitors.