How long a patient with multiple myeloma can live depends on the patient’s own condition, treatment and the stage of the disease, and the survival period varies from patient to patient. Multiple myeloma is a malignant tumor of the bone marrow, with a high degree of malignancy and mostly a poor prognosis. Patients may survive for only 6-12 months if no therapeutic measures are taken. With conventional chemotherapy, the median survival is 2-3 years. With the continued introduction of new drugs (including immunomodulators, proteasome inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies), along with autologous stem cell transplantation, patient prognosis has improved dramatically, with most patients achieving deep remission and survival of more than 5 years. For younger patients, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation treatment can achieve clinical cure if a suitable donor is available. Patients with multiple myeloma should pay attention to a clean diet and try to eat a low-calcium and low-sodium diet to prevent aggravating kidney damage, and keep their surroundings as well as themselves clean to avoid causing infections and aggravating the disease.