According to the Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg June 2010 report entitled: Clinical features of primary lung cancer adjacent to pulmonary herpes (by Kaneda M et al.), the clinical correlation between lung cancer and pulmonary herpes was first reported by Bass and Singer in 1951 and found that 3.8% of patients with pulmonary herpes had concomitant lung cancer. Since then, a few cases of both have been reported, but the possible etiology of lung cancer in patients with pulmonary herpes is unclear. Professor Kaneda et al. of the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Mie Chuo Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Japan, conducted a retrospective analytical study related to the above issue. In this study, 545 cases of primary lung cancer surgery between July 1998 and June 2008 at the Japanese National Hospital were included in the observation group and their chest CT was reevaluated.A total of 19 patients were found to have lung cancer lesions adjacent to pulmonary herpes, and data from patients with lung cancer without pulmonary herpes were used as a control group, and a case-control analysis of the relevant disease course, pathology and surgical findings was performed for each patient. The results showed that the incidence of lung cancer adjacent to a pulmonary blister was 3.5%, and all patients were male, with a mean age of 60.8 years, and all had a history of smoking, with a mean of 50.0 packs per year. The initial symptoms were common respiratory symptoms in 5 cases, blood in sputum and hoarseness in 1 case each, and the remaining 12 cases were found by health checkups without conscious symptoms. The tumor growth pattern was divided into 3 types: 1 case of lung cancer grew within the pulmonary herpes (type A, 5.3%); 15 cases of cancerous tissue invaded the adjacent pulmonary herpes (type B, 78.9%); and 3 cases of lung cancer were located at the wall of the pulmonary herpes (type C, 15.8%). Compared with controls, there was a higher incidence of squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma among the pathological tissue types, and the tumors were poorly differentiated and had a poor prognosis. The above study speculates that the causes of the high incidence of lung cancer due to pulmonary herpes may include: the majority of men with pulmonary herpes are smokers, and their wives are susceptible to lung cancer; pulmonary herpes results in poor gas exchange, which can cause the accumulation of pathogenic bacteria, which can be accompanied by recurrent pneumonia. The tumor differentiation of these patients is poor and the prognosis is not good, so early detection and early treatment are important. When a low density shadow is found in the chest adjacent to a pulmonary blister, it should be reviewed periodically, and if necessary, a thoracotomy should be performed.