Cesarean section has effects on both the mother and the newborn, mainly surgical and postoperative effects on the mother, and effects on the newborn mainly in terms of lung development. Cesarean section is a surgical procedure, and the procedure itself may be associated with complications such as bleeding, infection, and organ damage, and there are postoperative risks of poor incision healing, cesarean section incision pain, and venous thrombosis in both lower extremities. Endometriosis, pelvic adhesions, and chronic pelvic pain may occur after the surgery, and there is a risk of placenta praevia and placenta implantation in the event of another pregnancy. For newborns, the risk of respiratory diseases such as wet lung and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is increased because the delivery process is not squeezed through the vagina. Cesarean section is an important means of addressing obstructed labor, pregnancy complications, and pregnancy complications, and plays an important role in reducing maternal mortality and neonatal mortality, but the indications for cesarean section should be strictly controlled, and transvaginal delivery should be promoted as much as possible. Mothers should choose the mode of delivery that suits them under the guidance of their obstetrician.