Jaundice is a manifestation of yellowing of the skin, mucous membranes and sclera due to elevated bilirubin in the serum. Jaundice is visible to the naked eye when the bilirubin in the blood of newborns is >5-7 mg/dl; physiological jaundice occurs in 50%-60% of term and 80% of preterm infants. Dad, mom, I can’t talk, you can open my clothes and check me, my jaundice, when I have jaundice in my cheeks, the bilirubin in my blood reaches 100μmol/L (about 6mg/dl), when I have jaundice in the upper part of my torso, the bilirubin in my blood reaches 150μmol/L (about 9mg/dl), when I have jaundice in the lower part of my torso and thighs, the bilirubin in my blood When I have jaundice in the lower part of my torso and thighs, the bilirubin in my blood reaches 200 μmol/L (about 12 mg/dl), when I have jaundice below my arms and knees, the bilirubin in my blood reaches 256 μmol/L (about 15 mg/dl), and when I have jaundice in my hands and feet and heart, the bilirubin in my blood reaches more than 256 μmol/L (definitely more than 15 mg/dl). You can use the table below to compare. Of course, you are right that jaundice is present in almost every child, I had fetal yellowness when I was a child, and it was fine, wasn’t it? But there are two types of jaundice: physiological and pathological: as long as my jaundice appears early, within 24 hours after birth, jaundice recedes and reappears, lasts for a long time, preterm babies > 4 weeks, full-term babies > 4 weeks, bilirubin values in the blood: full-term > 221 μmol/L (> 12.9 mg/dl) , preterm babies > 257 μmol/L (> 15 mg/dl), or a daily rise in bilirubin greater than > 85 μmol/L (5 mg/dl), or combined bilirubin in the blood >34 μmol/L (2 mg/dl), satisfying any of the above, is pathological jaundice to seek medical consultation. 1, indirect bilirubin elevation is the main: we usually say that the Yang yellow, that is, the color is bright and shiny orange or golden yellow. There are many reasons for this condition, the common ones are: blood type incompatibility hemolysis, ABO blood type incompatibility and Rh blood type incompatibility, this kind of jaundice will be there in 24 hours, 2-3 days after birth, more than the range of physiological jaundice caused by a variety of perinatal factors, after birth or 4-5 days after the obvious aggravation, mostly considered to have infection or fetal feces If there is no such cause, such as breastfeeding, the baby will be born. Breastfeeding jaundice should be considered if the patient is breastfed without the above reasons. If the period of physiological jaundice has passed, and if the jaundice persists or deepens, breastfeeding jaundice, infectious diseases, spherocytosis, hypothyroidism, etc. should be considered. There are many reasons for my jaundice, you can take me to the hospital to draw blood to check my liver function, look at the jaundice index, there are three: total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, direct bilirubin, see whether all three of these three are elevated, or the indirect bilirubin is elevated, or the direct bilirubin is elevated, you can estimate the cause of my disease: can not be taken lightly, otherwise the jaundice aggravated quickly, will be with the blood flow to If not, the jaundice will increase very quickly and will flow into the brain with the blood, causing damage to the nervous system, which is what we call bilirubin encephalopathy. 2, mainly elevated direct bilirubin: the skin color is deep yellow, with dark green as shown on the left. Hepatosplenomegaly and liver function damage, also known as neonatal hepatitis syndrome, this so-called neonatal hepatitis syndrome refers to a group of clinical syndromes that develop in the neonatal period, characterized by obstructive xanthogranuloma, full-term infants whose xanthogranuloma does not recede after the first month and has increased dramatically, premature infants who do not recede or increase xanthogranuloma in the last 2 months, white stools, dark yellow urine, hepatosplenomegaly, and laboratory tests have liver function damage, are Within the scope of this syndrome, since most of the children in this category come to the clinic after full term, or even at 2-3 months of life, they were called infants with delayed obstructive jaundice in the 1960s and later called neonatal hepatitis syndrome. The prognosis of diseases causing increased conjugated bilirubin in newborns varies depending on the cause. In total, there are four major categories: (1) hepatobiliary tract obstruction; (2) genetic metabolic disorders; (3) congenital persistent biliousness; and (4) acquired intrahepatic biliousness, with many complex diseases within each category. Dad and mom, if the direct bilirubin is elevated, the cause must be identified, except for congenital malformations of the hepatobiliary system. If the serum direct bilirubin is > 68 μmol/L (4 mg/dl), and the skin is bronze-colored when the serum glutamate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase are elevated, i.e. bronchitis, phototherapy should be stopped. Also learn to observe the stool situation, this kind of stool is white clay-like stool, you must find a surgeon to jointly deal with it. 3, if elevated indirect bilirubin is the main; the following methods can be used to treat: 3.1 light therapy (phototherapy): is a simple and effective way to reduce serum indirect bilirubin, indirect bilirubin under the action of light, converted into water-soluble isomers, through the bile and urine excretion; wavelength 425 ~ 475nm blue light and wavelength 510 ~ 530nm green light effect is better, fluorescent lamps or sunlight also has Light therapy mainly acts on the superficial skin tissue, and the remission of skin jaundice does not indicate normal serum indirect bilirubin, and if treatment is stopped, it will still recur. Fever, diarrhea and rash can occur during phototherapy, but they are not serious and can be continued. Blue light can break down riboflavin in the body, and phototherapy for more than 24 hours can cause riboflavin and aggravate hemolysis. Riboflavin should be supplemented with 5mg/time 3 times a day during phototherapy and once a day for 3 days after phototherapy. The patient should be properly hydrated and take calcium supplements during phototherapy. 3.2 Albumin: increase its association with unconjugated bilirubin to reduce the occurrence of bilirubin encephalopathy; albumin 1g/kg or plasma 10-20ml/kg each time. alkalize blood to facilitate the association of unconjugated bilirubin with albumin, 5% sodium bicarbonate to improve blood pH. Liver enzyme inducer: increase the production of liver enzyme UDPGT and the ability of liver to take up UCB, such as phenobarbital 5mg/kg per day, divided into 2-3 oral doses for 4-5 days or Niclosamide 100mg/kg per day, divided into 2-3 oral doses for 4-5 days. 3.3 Intravenous immunoglobulin: inhibit phagocytosis to destroy the sensitized red blood cells, early application of clinical effect is better, the usage is 1g/kg, intravenous drip within 6-8 hours. 3.4 Simultaneous peripheral arteriovenous blood exchange: (1) the prenatal diagnosis is clear, the bilirubin of umbilical cord blood is >68μmol/L (4mg/dl) at birth, Hb is below 120g/L, with edema, hepatosplenomegaly and heart failure; (2) the bilirubin rises >12μmol/L (0.7mg/dl) per hour within 12 hours after birth; (3) the total bilirubin has reached 342μmol/L (20 (3) Total bilirubin has reached 342 μmol/L (20 mg/dl); (4) Early manifestation of bilirubin encephalopathy, regardless of the level of serum bilirubin. ⑤ The indications are appropriately relaxed for small preterm infants, those with combined hypoxia and acidosis or those with severe hemolysis in the previous birth. Dad and mom, jaundice is very common in newborns, but it is also very complicated. Don’t take me seriously and cause my bilirubin encephalopathy, which will lead to irreversible damage to my nervous system and a lifetime of regret.