Preface: With the influence of accelerated pace of life, social pressure and heredity, many men in modern society suffer from infertility, and about half of the infertility problems in many families are caused by male infertility. In this article, we have compiled the results of a number of studies to help reveal the mystery of male infertility so that we can all understand. Higher Risk of Heart Disease and Diabetes A related study of more than 115,000 men of childbearing age analyzed the number of medical visits men made before and after infertility to determine the health complications that would arise after an individual’s fertility assessment, and then compared the health of men who had a diagnosis of infertility, those who did not, and those who had a vasectomy, found that – -Individual men with a diagnosis of infertility may be at higher risk for other common diseases, such as diabetes, ischemic heart disease, alcohol and substance abuse, compared to men of childbearing age, and that there is a direct correlation between the mortality rate of infertile men and the risk of developing diseases that are not associated with reproductive health. What are the genes that cause infertility Infertility afflicts about 15 percent of couples, and many of these couples are infertile because of defective genes in the body, but the genetic causes that lie beneath infertility have so far been unknown to researchers. A novel experimental strategy has been developed to identify the mutations that trigger infertility in the human organism. These mutations are called single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which are common types of genetic mutations in the human organism, and each SNP represents a difference in a single DNA or nucleotide element. If SNPs are harmful, when a patient has his or her genome sequenced they should be helped to determine which SNPs should be present; if we know which mutations are good and which are bad, doctors will make certain genetic diagnoses. The current standard approach to identifying disease-triggering SNPs involves narrowing down chromosomal loci by comparing the genomes of healthy and diseased individuals, and subsequently using computer algorithms to predict which SNPs are harmful, but because infertility is a very complex process involving many genes, there is no method for identifying the genes that trigger infertility. Genetic Tests Focus on Infertility Analyzing RNA in male sperm may help doctors determine whether infertile couples need assisted reproductive technology (ART), which involves sperm-egg unions under laboratory conditions; about 13 percent of couples face infertility, and while there are a large number of diagnostic techniques that can help women conceive, fertility testing techniques for men are not available because of the However, fertility testing for men is limited by parameters such as the motility and concentration of male spermatozoa. Genetic analysis of male sperm can help reveal 648 RNA components important for male fertility, many of which are directly related to genes involved in sperm development, sperm motility, energy production, fertilization, etc.; the researchers then turned to a study of 96 perfectly healthy, but infertile, couples, in which the researchers analyzed the men’s sperm and administered a series of invasive fertility treatments. The researchers analyzed the men’s sperm for RNA and performed a series of invasive fertility treatments on the couples; it was found that most of the infertile men did not carry a complete set of RNA elements, that missing some of the RNA elements reduced the success rate of natural fertilization (ranging from 73 to 27 percent), and that the greater the number of missing elements in the spermatocytes, the lower the likelihood of conception. However, this does not mean that these couples are unable to conceive, only that certain medical aids are missing. New Mechanism of Male Infertility Male infertility is associated with autoimmune inflammation of the prostate gland, and nowadays infertility is occurring more and more often, with half of the cases being due to male infertility, a condition that has still not been fully explained, although there are many possible causes of male infertility. In this study, researchers have identified an important cause of reduced fertility in men with type I autoimmune polyendocrine gland syndrome (APS1). Having APS1 increases the risk of developing autoimmune diseases, so APS1 is also often used as a research model for autoimmune diseases. Weight Loss and Breast Cancer Drugs May Treat Men’s Infertility One way to do this is to get overweight men to lose weight so that their chances of impregnating a female partner are increased. The second approach is to use a breast cancer drug; it turns out that this drug can help some infertile men raise children. These are some interesting alternatives to in vitro fertilization that offer a viable chance of conception. The results showed that the men who lost the most weight were the most likely to be able to impregnate their partners. This is the first time that the results of a trial have shown that a man’s weight loss improves his partner’s chances of conceiving. Experts believe that obesity reduces the number of sperm, but it may also alter the DNA, which affects the quality of the sperm. Cell phones may cause male infertility Keeping a cell phone in your pants pocket for long periods of time may negatively affect male fertility. Many devices emit radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) that tends to adversely affect male fertility, most adult men have cell phones, and infertility occurs in about 14% of couples in high- or middle-income countries. In this study, researchers conducted a systematic review of data from 10 studies involving 1,492 samples to reveal the potential effects of environmental exposures on the human organism; participants in the study came from fertility clinics and research centers, and men’s sperm quality was examined in three ways, including sperm motility, activity, and concentration. Different Meats Affect Fertility Take note! Men, your favorite meat may help or hurt your fertility. This study did not prove a cause-and-effect relationship, but found that men who consumed too much processed meat, such as cured meats and sausages, had less success with fertility treatments, while those who consumed more chicken or other poultry meat had more success with fertility treatments. Many studies have shown that diet affects male fertility, but our diets are so complex that it can be difficult to remove foods that affect our fertility; differences in the type of meat consumed by men can affect a man’s ability to bind his sperm to a woman, and a healthy diet is just a simple change that is perhaps of most concern to a man’s overall health and reproductive health. Reducing intake of processed meats has been added to the list of recommendations for men’s health, and just like quitting smoking, cutting down on alcohol and losing weight, these healthy measures may be effective in helping to improve the success rate of men undergoing fertility treatments. Aluminum may affect male fertility Exposure to aluminum may be an important factor in the decline of human sperm counts and reduced male fertility. Staining of human semen with an aluminum-containing drug and observation under a fluorescence microscope confirmed the presence of metallic aluminum in semen and showed its presence in individual spermatozoa. The higher the level of aluminum in the body, the lower the sperm count. There is a very clear trend of declining sperm counts and fertility in men, and over the last few decades in developed countries and previous studies have found that environmental factors such as endocrine disruptors are responsible for this result.