Paraneoplastic syndrome of renal cancer is a syndrome caused by tumors other than primary and metastatic foci of renal cancer, which is a series of symptoms due to the abnormal increase or decrease of hormones and thermogenic substances secreted by kidneys caused by renal cancer. In addition to producing urine, kidney is also an endocrine organ. Kidney tumor cells can also secrete many hormone-like substances and toxins, which are biologically active and cause a series of reactions in the body, resulting in clinical symptoms other than those felt in kidney tumor. Paraneoplastic syndrome of renal cancer mainly manifests in anemia, hypertension, cachexia, fever, weight loss, erythrocytosis, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, liver function abnormality and so on. As this disease is highly specialized, one should go to regular hospitals for consultation in time, determine the specific treatment plan under doctor’s guidance, and actively cooperate with the treatment to avoid deterioration of the condition.