For patients aged 55-80 years at high risk for lung cancer, annual low-dose lung CT screening for lung cancer; for patients at high risk for lung cancer with a 30-year history of smoking, who still smoke, or who have not quit smoking for more than 15 years, the benefits of annual screening outweigh the risks; screening can be discontinued once you have quit smoking for more than 15 years or have other conditions that affect your life expectancy or prevent you from having lung cancer surgery. This article is an update of the 2004 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations for lung cancer screening. The USPSTF has also conducted modeling studies to determine the optimal age to begin and end screening, the optimal screening interval, and the relative differences in benefit and harm between screening strategies. Screening is indicated for asymptomatic individuals aged 55 to 80 years with a 30 pack-year smoking history who are currently smoking or have quit smoking less than 15 years ago. Recommendation: The USPSTF recommends annual low-dose CT lung cancer screening for high-risk patients aged 55 to 80 years with a 30-pack-year smoking history who are current smokers or have quit for less than 15 years. Screening may be discontinued once the patient has quit smoking for 15 years or has another condition that affects life expectancy or interferes with performing lung cancer surgery. (Level B recommendation) The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has introduced a recommendation for the effectiveness of specific preventive treatment services for patients without associated signs or symptoms. This recommendation is based on evidence of the benefits versus harms of preventive services and an assessment of the trade-offs. the USPSTF does not consider the costs of providing the evaluated services. The USPSTF believes that there should be more to consider in clinical decision making than the evidence itself. Clinicians need to make individualized decisions for patients based on the evidence. Similarly, in addition to the evidence of clinical benefit and harm, the USPSTF identifies a variety of other issues that need to be considered in policy and decision making.