1. Preoperative examination: A. X-ray (optional): i.e., chest frontal and lateral radiographs, which can help determine the location, size, scope and nature of the lesion. B. Chest intensive CT (mandatory): it can show the outline and internal structure of the lesion, the mediastinum, the lymph node enlargement in the hilum, etc. CT scan can show the hidden parts of the lung, which is better than X-ray. C. Sputum cytology examination (optional depending on the situation): the shed cancer cells can be coughed out with sputum, and sputum is an effective method for early diagnosis of lung cancer. The method is: repeatedly coughing lightly after gargling in the morning, and then coughing up sputum from the deep part of the lung with force. It should be noted that sputum must be coughed out from the trachea of the lung, and saliva and nasal mucus cannot be mixed in the test. D. Bronchoscopy: It has a higher positive rate for the diagnosis of central lung cancer, and can directly observe the changes of local tissues locally, perform biopsy, and send pathological slides for tissue typing. To understand the situation in the trachea and bronchial cavity before surgery. E. Blood test (mandatory): blood routine, coagulation function, blood type, blood biochemistry, and full set before transfusion. F. Pulmonary function (mandatory): check ventilation and air exchange function G. Electrocardiogram (mandatory): by electrocardiogram we can diagnose the irregularity of heart rhythm and the morphological changes of heart caused by various heart diseases. (H.Head MRI or CT and abdominal intensive CT must be done): To determine whether the cancer has metastasis to the head and abdominal organs (I.Bone scan must be done): To understand whether there is tumor metastasis to the bones of the whole body, and to do MRI locally if necessary. 2. Pre-operative preparation: A.Breathing training: The patient takes a sitting or semi-recumbent position, relaxes the whole body, inhales deeply and then exhales slowly. Do this 30-50 times a day in the morning, afternoon and evening to increase lung ventilation. B. Effective cough: The patient takes a sitting or semi-recumbent position, relaxes the shoulders, leans forward, takes 2-3 deep breaths and then inhales as deeply as possible, holds the breath for 1-2 seconds, opens the mouth and throat at the same time, makes a maximum cough with the force of the chest and abdomen, and the coughing sound vibrates out from the chest. It should be noted that effective coughing after surgery does not affect wound healing. To reduce the pain caused by coughing while pulling the wound, you can press the wound with your hand or pillow. C. Quit smoking and alcohol: Among them, quit smoking for at least 15 days, the risk of surgery. D. Psychological preparation: (1) Do self-adjustment, you can chat and relax with friends and relatives to minimize the tension. (2) Open-chest surgery generally uses posterior lateral incision, with long incision, intraoperative bracing of ribs, and postoperative stimulation of chest tube when coughing up sputum will cause strong pain, although there are various pain relief methods, but no pain after surgery is not possible, so patients should be psychologically prepared to bear pain before surgery. (3) Open-heart surgery will destroy the negative pressure in the thoracic cavity, and the postoperative lung reopening needs the patient’s efforts, and coughing and sputum removal is a necessary means. 3. What are the preparations one day before the operation A. Skin preparation: the nurse will shave the body hair in the operation area according to the operation mode to prevent the incision infection. B. Diet: three normal meals are sufficient. C. Blood distribution: 4-6 ml of venous blood will be drawn and sent to the blood bank for intraoperative blood. D. Training bed urination and defecation: After surgery, because of carrying closed chest drainage tube, the patient’s toileting is unchanged and he needs to defecate in bed. The change of defecation posture will affect the discharge of urine and stool, so the patient should have a potty or stool pot ready the day before surgery to contact bed defecation and adapt in advance. E. Enema (optional application): The night before surgery, the nurse will inject a glycerin enema through the anus to laxative and prevent postoperative abdominal rise. F. Sleep: ensure good sleep to meet the surgery in a good mental state. If you find it difficult to fall asleep, you can take Valium tablets to help you sleep. G. Before entering the operating room, patients should take off all their own clothes and pants, clean patient clothes and change down glasses, dentures, hairpins, watches, jewelry, etc. to family members for safekeeping, such as hand C can not be removed need to be wrapped with bandages .