Reviewing the history of malignant tumor treatment, it has experienced a long period of original empirical treatment → standardized treatment according to guidelines under the background of evidence-based medicine → individualized treatment under the guidance of molecular biological indicators. Although the current footsteps have entered the era of individualized therapy, the reality is that only a few tumors have really achieved individualized targeted therapy with individual drug therapy. The number of individualized treatment practices for non-small cell lung cancer brings us amazement and joy, but also confusion and disappointment, and of course, confidence and hope for the future. ”When it comes to individualized treatment of lung cancer, EGFR-TKIs treatment guided by EGFR mutation status is a “classic”. Basic research shows that EGFR mutations lead to structural changes that lead to abnormal enhancement of signaling, and EGFR-TKIs, represented by gefitinib and erlotinib, can specifically block the signaling pathways that EGFR mutant tumors rely on to add value. In several clinical studies, EGFR-TKIs have shown excellent efficacy in the first-line treatment of EGFR-mutant NSCLC. In the earliest prospective phase II clinical study (SLCG) in Spain, erlotinib achieved a median PFS of 14.0 months and a median OS of 27.0 months, far exceeding the median PFS of approximately 5-7 months and OS of approximately 10-12 months of previous first-line chemotherapy. Following the SLCG study, several consecutive phase III studies of gefitinib randomized controlled standard chemotherapy: IPASS, WJTOG3405, First-SIGNAL, and NEJ002 further confirmed that first-line use of gefitinib in patients with EGFR-mutated lung cancer was superior to conventional platinum-containing two-drug chemotherapy, with remission rates of 62.1% to 84.6%, PFS of 8.5 months to 10.8 months, MOS 27 months-30.9 months. It is worth mentioning that the OPTIMAL study, initiated and completed by Chinese experts, presented safety data at this year’s ASCO annual meeting, and the efficacy was just announced at the ESMO annual meeting in Milan, Italy, which showed a significant advantage in remission rate and PFS for national patients with non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR mutations receiving erlotinib in first-line therapy over carboplatin combined with gemcitabine.