The common causes of coughing up blood are usually caused by tuberculosis, bronchopulmonary cancer, bronchiectasis, and other related lung diseases. The main cause of asphyxia is obstruction of the airway due to clot dislodgement or massive bleeding. In terms of treatment, the first step is to ensure that the patient’s airway is open. The methods of opening can include transoral and nasal suctioning as well as the establishment of an artificial airway, such as tracheal intubation and tracheotomy. In addition, the use of fiberoptic bronchoscopy is more commonly used in clinical practice to remove clots and perform hemostasis. In terms of hemostatic treatment, there are two directions of treatment: medical and surgical. In internal medicine, posterior pituitary hormone, thrombin and other relevant hemostatic drugs are usually used. In surgery, hemostasis is usually achieved by removing lobes or segments of the lung. In addition, during the treatment of patients with coughing up blood, blood oxygen, blood pressure and other related indicators should be monitored, and fluid resuscitation can be given according to the needs of the condition.