Cataract is caused by various reasons such as aging, genetics, local nutritional disorders, immune and metabolic abnormalities, trauma, poisoning, radiation, etc., which can cause disorders of lens metabolism and lead to clouding of lens protein degeneration, and there are mainly two methods of conservative treatment and surgical treatment.
However, this is not necessarily the result of drug treatment, because the early progress of cataract to maturity is a long process, and it is possible to naturally stop at a certain stage of development without seriously affecting vision.
2.Surgical treatment (1) Cataract ultrasound emulsification: It is a new type of cataract surgery carried out at home and abroad in recent years. Ultrasound is used to crush the lens nucleus to make it celiac, and then suction it out together with the cortex. If an aging cataract has developed to a visual acuity of less than 0.3, or if the degree and location of the cataract significantly affect or interfere with visual function and the patient wishes to have good visual quality, ultrasonic cataract extraction surgery can be performed. Its advantages are small incision, less tissue damage, short operation time and fast vision recovery.
(2) Extracapsular cataract extraction: the incision is smaller than that of intracapsular extraction, and the cloudy lens nucleus is discharged and the cortex is aspirated, but the posterior capsule of the lens is left behind. The posterior capsule membrane is preserved and a posterior chamber-type IOL can be implanted at the same time, and visual function can be restored immediately after surgery. Therefore, extracapsular extraction of cataract has become a routine surgical procedure for cataract nowadays.