The nasal cavity and sinuses are located beneath the skull and reside above the pharynx and oral cavity and are situated between the two orbits, which are closely related to each other. A variety of ways: ① direct infection: nasal cavity and oral pharynx and lower respiratory tract and digestive tract directly connected sinusitis secretions downward drainage directly stimulate these tissues cause a variety of lesions, such as pharyngitis, tonsillitis, Taizhou Fourth People’s Hospital otolaryngology Chu Juncai.
② Destruction of the bone wall infection: sinus inflammation if the destruction of the sinus bone wall inflammation often extended to other tissues because the sinus location is different so cause complications are also different such as frontal sinusitis easy to cause orbital or intracranial complications; sieve sinusitis destruction of the parietal wall invasion of the anterior cranial recess penetrate the lateral wall orbital complications occur pterion sinusitis destruction of the skull base can cause different complications within the skull and brain can also cause retrobulbar optic neuritis maxillary sinusitis can cause orbital infection and alveolar (ii) Multiple complications such as leptomeningeal canal.
③Infection via bloodstream: The nasal cavity and sinuses have a rich vascular network and have a complex connection with the orbital cranium, so the bacteria and toxins from rhinitis and sinusitis first disrupt the endothelium to form thrombus emboli that travel with the bloodstream to other organs causing related complications.
④Infection via lymphatic vessels: The lymphatic vessels of the nasal cavity or sinuses directly transmit inflammatory material to other organs or tissues causing morbidity.
⑤ via anatomical channels: sinus bone wall has many normal channels such as sieve bone upper wall has many small holes called sieve foramen mainly for olfactory nerve fibers to the cranial foramen inflammation can be transmitted from the sieve foramen into the cranial pathogenesis in addition to the nasal cavity and sinus many blood vessels are also directly connected to the orbit cranial inflammation can cause related complications along the vascular channels.
(6) Sinus trauma: cause fracture perforation injury or surgical injury, etc. because of the fracture of the bone wall tissue destruction so that the infection can easily invade and cause morbidity.