The significance of direct bilirubin and indirect bilirubin is that depending on the level of both values helps to assist in the diagnosis of the cause of jaundice. Direct bilirubin is produced when indirect bilirubin enters the liver and combines with glucuronic acid under the action of glucuronosyltransferase in the liver, and can be excreted in the urine through the kidneys. The normal value of direct bilirubin is 0-6.8 μmol/L. Clinically, patients with obstructive jaundice, cholangiocarcinoma, cholelithiasis and pancreatic head cancer may have elevated direct bilirubin. Indirect bilirubin is the bilirubin that does not bind to glucuronic acid, and the normal value is 1.7-10.2 μmoL/L. Clinically, acute jaundice hepatitis, acute hepatic necrosis, hemolytic jaundice, hepatocellular jaundice, transfusion with incompatible blood groups, hypersplenism, and severe scalded injuries, etc. may have elevated indirect bilirubin. If there is any abnormality in direct bilirubin and indirect bilirubin, it is recommended to consult a doctor in time to identify the cause of the disease and give targeted treatment.