HIV infection can lead to abnormal blood counts. HIV is also known as Human Immunodeficiency Virus. The six months of HIV infection is known as the acute phase, during which the blood routine may show mild leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. In the subsequent asymptomatic and AIDS phases, as the HIV virus keeps replicating in the body and destroying the body’s immune system, it eventually leads to a continuous decline in CD4T lymphocyte counts as well, and therefore, can be manifested as a decrease in lymphocyte counts and percentages in the routine blood tests. HIV infection and the presence or absence of specific bacterial infections can affect the results of routine blood tests. Blood counts are not specific for HIV infection. HIV infection can lead to defective and impaired cellular immunity, a series of bacterial and viral infections, and even the development of rare tumors. The main ways of transmission are sexual contact, transmission through blood and blood products, and mother-to-child transmission. Clinical diagnosis can be confirmed by HIV antibody test. After diagnosis, regular antiretroviral treatment in an infectious disease hospital is required. Warm reminder: HIV infection is prone to complicate Pneumocystis carinii infection, tuberculosis, cytomegalovirus infection, fungal infection, etc., which may be life-threatening. It is necessary to consult a doctor in time and follow the doctor’s instructions.