1. Conditions that do not require screening and treatment are: premenopausal, non-pregnant women, diabetic women, elderly, patients with spinal cord injury, patients with indwelling catheters and asymptomatic bacteriuria in children. 2.Cases requiring screening and treatment: (1) Pregnant women: The selection and course of antibacterial drugs include: Amoxicillin 500mg orally every 8 hours for 3-5d. Amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate 500mg orally every 12 hours for 3-5d. Cefadroxil 500mg orally every 8 hours for 3-5d or fosfomycin aminotriol 3g orally as a single dose. . (2) Patients requiring surgical operation of the urinary tract. 3. For uncomplicated urinary tract infections: (1) quinolones, (2) cephalosporins, (3) fosfomycin aminotriol are recommended. Empirical co-administration of anti-anaerobic drugs is not recommended for patients with outpatient urinary tract infections. Although many aerobic and anaerobic bacteria colonize the urethra, perineum, vagina, and external genital tract and enter the bladder, anaerobic bacteria are less likely to cause urinary tract infections (1-9%). Guidelines continue to recommend quinolone as the drug of choice for the initial treatment of mild to moderate urinary infections. For renal stone patients with combined diabetes mellitus and multiple infected stones in both kidneys, the Expert Consensus calls for anti-infective therapy prior to surgical intervention. The literature reports preoperative antibacterial drug regimens ranging from 1-3 days to 1-2 weeks, intraoperative broad-spectrum antibacterial drug therapy, and low-dose prophylactic or consistent antibacterial drug therapy during the 1-2 year postoperative follow-up period. 4. Prevention of recurrence: measures include fluid intake of at least 2L per day, application of urease inhibition such as acetoximic acid, lithotripsy with the application of methionine 200-500mg 1-3 times per day or ammonium chloride 1g 2-3 times per day to acidify the urine, etc. Patients with urinary tract stones have white blood cells in the urine routine, but no clinical symptoms, urine culture negative patients do not need to apply antibiotic treatment in the usual way. If surgical treatment is needed, it is usually required to apply antibiotic treatment for 2-3 days and to review the urine routine.