Urinary tract infections are very common, especially in older women patients. The urinary tract is made up of the bladder, urethra, ureters and kidneys. Urine, on the other hand, is produced by the kidneys and then travels through the ureter to the bladder, where it is stored until it leaves the person’s body through the urethra. A urinary tract infection means that bacteria in the urine are causing uncomfortable symptoms. If a patient develops a urinary tract infection, it needs to be treated as soon as possible. Symptoms of a urinary tract infection When the following symptoms occur, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible: a burning sensation when urinating, frequent urination, and the presence of bloody urine. For example, the patient may be incontinent in urine. To find out the cause, further examination is needed. An examination of the patient’s urine is required, one of which is a urine test to look for bacteria and signs of infection (white blood cells). Another test is a urine culture, which can help identify the type of bacteria in the urine and what medications the patient needs to take for treatment. The doctor will also need to check the patient’s blood, especially if the patient has symptoms such as fever, lower back pain, or vomiting. These symptoms mean that the patient’s urinary tract infection is quite severe. Usually the patient only needs to take the medication for three days, but the patient needs to follow the doctor’s instructions; the patient needs to drink more water or other fluids, especially if he has ≥3 urinary tract infections in a year; urinary tract infections can be prevented daily by urinating after sex, especially in people who have frequent urinary tract infections after sex; after menopause, women can prevent urinary tract infections with vaginal estrogen preparations, but estrogen is not safe for all However, estrogen is not safe for all women, and recommendations need to be made according to the patient population.