Clinical diagnostic criteria for dengue fever are:
1. epidemiologic history: history of travel to a dengue infected area or contact with a dengue case within 14 days prior to onset of illness.
2. clinical manifestations:
(1) Acute onset, high fever, fatigue, anorexia, nausea, etc., often accompanied by more intense headache, orbital pain, generalized muscular pain, osteoarthralgia, etc., which may be accompanied by flushing of the face, neck, and chest, and conjunctival congestion.
(2) Rash: Typical rashes are pinpoint hemorrhagic dots on the limbs and “skin island”-like manifestations.
(3) Bleeding tendency: some patients may have different degrees of bleeding manifestations, such as subcutaneous hemorrhage, petechiae at the injection site, gingival bleeding, epistaxis (nosebleed), and positive arm-band test.
(4) Serious hemorrhage: subcutaneous hematoma, hematuria of the naked eye, bleeding in the digestive tract, chest and abdominal cavity.
(5) Serious organ injury: acute myocarditis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute liver injury and other manifestations.
(6) Shock: tachycardia, wet and cold extremities, prolonged capillary filling time >3s, weak or undetectable pulse, decreased pulse pressure difference or undetectable blood pressure.
3.Laboratory examination:
(1) Decreased white blood cell count and/or thrombocytopenia.
(2) Positive dengue virus IgM antibody.
(3) Positive dengue NS1 antigen within 5 days of onset.
(4) A 4-fold or greater increase in serum-specific IgG antibody titer or a positive shift in dengue virus recovery compared to the acute phase.
(5) Isolation of dengue virus from blood, cerebrospinal fluid or tissues of patients in the acute phase.
(6) Detection of dengue virus nucleic acid.