Primary myelofibrosis is a kind of myeloproliferative tumor caused by clonal proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells, and the commonly used treatments include drug treatment, blood transfusion treatment and surgical treatment, etc., as follows. 1. Drug treatment: for patients with anemia, the use of testosterone enanthate and androgens can effectively accelerate the maturation and release of young red blood cells, and also increase platelets and white blood cells. For patients with significant increase in white blood cells and platelets, drugs such as thalidomide and hydroxyurea can be used. Interferon can alleviate myelofibrosis, and rucotinib can improve the organic changes of myelofibrosis. 2. Blood transfusion therapy: primary myelofibrosis usually has severe anemia, according to the condition of the need to follow the doctor’s instructions for transfusion of the appropriate components of blood, such as red blood cells, platelets, etc. is an effective means to improve the symptoms of anemia. 3.Surgical treatment (1) Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can rebuild the patient’s hematopoietic function and immune function, which may cure the disease fundamentally. (2) Splenectomy: The spleen is the main extramedullary hematopoietic organ in primary myelofibrosis, and splenectomy can be used when there is splenomegaly, splenic infarction, uncontrollable hemolysis, and portal hypertension complicated by rupture and bleeding of esophageal varices. It is recommended that patients suffering from primary myelofibrosis should go to the hospital in time, complete the relevant examinations, identify the cause of the disease, and follow the doctor’s instructions for standardized treatment. The above drugs and other treatment methods should be applied under the guidance of a physician.