In recent years, restless leg syndrome has become increasingly common and has a high detection rate. Our department cured a case of this patient, first a brief overview. First, children’s restless legs syndrome, a new issue of the American Journal of Pediatrics report shows that in the United States and the United Kingdom, about 2% of children are currently troubled by restless legs syndrome. The prevalence of this disease in children has attracted the attention of the pediatric medical community. Zhang Jianxin, Department of Spine and Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, said that restless legs syndrome is a kind of neurological sleep disorder, and the typical symptom is that when sleeping at night, both lower limbs have very uncomfortable non-painful abnormalities, and they will move involuntarily to relieve the discomfort, so that sleep is affected. And moderate to severe restless legs syndrome, will also be accompanied by sleep disorders, negative mood and other serious symptoms. Researchers say that children who complain of leg discomfort while sleeping are often considered by adults and even many doctors to be; growing; or “growing pains”. It now seems that doctors, as well as parents, should take leg abnormalities in children seriously enough. Moreover, many adult patients with restless leg syndrome symptoms often had them as children. Surveys have also confirmed that there is a strong genetic component to restless legs syndrome. 70% of the children surveyed had at least one parent with the disease, and 16% had both parents with the disease. Second, the elderly restless legs syndrome restless legs syndrome refers to the sleep state in the limb discomfort, and forced the limb involuntary movement, resulting in insomnia. As early as 1672, the British doctor ThomasWillis first described Restless Legs Syndrome (RestlesslegsSyndrome, RLS), which is also known as Ekbom Syndrome, the clinical manifestations of which are usually at night during sleep, the lower extremities of both extreme discomfort, forcing the patient to keep moving the lower extremities or walk on the ground, resulting in serious sleep disorders. Although the disease is not life-threatening, it seriously affects the patient’s quality of life. Epidemiologic data from abroad indicate that its prevalence is 1-10% of the total population, and the prevalence in China is estimated to be around 1.2-5%, which is common in middle-aged and old-aged people. It is a more common disease, and its incidence is much higher than other neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease or Alzheimer’s disease. Classification of the syndrome is divided into two categories: primary and symptomatic. 1, the cause of primary restless legs syndrome is unknown, and a few patients have a family history of the disease. 2, symptomatic restless legs syndrome secondary to other diseases, commonly due to the following reasons: uremia, iron deficiency anemia, folic acid deficiency, pregnancy, rheumatoid arthritis, Parkinson’s disease, multifocal neuropathy, metabolic diseases and drug-induced. Fourth, clinical diagnosis and performance diagnostic criteria: the international restless legs syndrome study group (IRLSSG) developed a minimum diagnostic criteria consisting of four symptoms. 1, abnormal sensations: due to the indescribable discomfort of the limbs, resulting in a strong desire to exercise the limbs, mainly the lower limbs. These abnormal sensations often occur in the deeper parts of the limb rather than on the surface, such as the skin.2. Motor symptoms:The patient is unable to sleep and keeps moving the limb to relieve the abnormal sensations. The main manifestations are walking back and forth, constantly shaking or flexing and stretching the lower limbs, or turning in bed.3. Symptoms worsen at rest and can be temporarily relieved by activities.4. Symptoms worsen at night and reach a peak late at night. Clinical features are a spontaneous, intolerably painful and abnormal sensation that occurs in the lower limbs. It is most common in the gastrocnemius muscle, and can occasionally occur in the thighs or upper limbs, and is usually symmetrical. Patients often complain of a tearing, crepitus, tingling, burning, aching, or itching sensation deep in the lower extremity. The patient has an urgent and intense feeling of wanting to move, which leads to overactivity. Symptoms occur at rest and are partially or completely relieved by activity. Normally, symptoms become intense at night while in bed and peak after midnight, when the patient is forced to kick, move joints, or massage the legs, often describing how there is “no comfortable place to put my legs.” In severe cases, the patient has to get up and keep walking to get relief. Insomnia is an inevitable consequence, and the majority of patients suffer from periodicmovementsofsleep(PMS), a stereotypical, repetitive flexion of the legs that occurs during the REM sleep phase and wakes the patient up. As a result of the nocturnal sleep disorder, the patient suffers from severe daytime sleepiness and reduced ability to work. Laboratory tests: Blood glucose, serum iron, ferritin, folic acid, vitamin B12, creatinine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone should be checked in patients who have recently developed symptoms. Other auxiliary examination: the vast majority of head and lower limb imaging is normal results V. Differential diagnosis of this disease should be identified with leg spasticity, fibromyalgia and antipsychotic drug-induced sedentary can not be differentiated. Should also be differentiated from neurosis, neurosis patients often have traumatic factors, psychological background, variable symptoms, daytime, nighttime symptoms, and is not limited to the lower extremities. Sixth, prevention and treatment (1) as far as possible to find the cause of the disease, for the original disease treatment, such as iron supplements to correct iron deficiency anemia, treatment of hypothyroidism, control of diabetes mellitus and so on. (2) Avoid various factors in daily life that may lead to the dysfunction of certain neurotransmitters, such as smoking, drinking alcohol, and drinking large amounts of coffee or strong tea. (3) Sleep on time every day, soak your feet in warm water for 10-20 minutes before going to bed, or massage your calves to help you fall asleep. (4) If the symptoms seriously interfere with sleepers, you can use sedative hypnotic drugs (such as SiNo or Valium tablets) before bedtime. (5) Be in a good state of mind, do not care about gains and losses, and make it difficult to get through the night. (6) Work, labor, exercise and walking, climbing stairs should not be excessive, to avoid muscle pain and over-tired. Seven, epidemiology of foreign reports the incidence of 5% ~ 15, most of the idiopathic, of which about 1/4 ~ 1/2 have a family history, mostly autosomal dominant inheritance. Any age can develop, 40% in 20 years old before the onset of symptoms, pregnancy incidence of 11%, anemia incidence rate can be as high as 24%, the elderly onset of disease has secondary factors, no gender differences.