Ovarian teratomas are benign in more than 95% of cases.
Teratomas are the most common germ cell tumors and consist of multiple germ layers of tissue or may consist of only one germ layer. Ovarian teratomas are divided into mature teratomas and immature teratomas, the more common of which are mature teratomas, also called dermoid cysts, which are benign tumors that account for more than 95% of ovarian teratomas.
Mature ovarian teratomas can occur at any age, and are more common in women between the ages of 20 and 40. They are mostly unilateral, usually round or ovoid in shape, with the cavity filled with grease and hair, and sometimes teeth and bone can be seen. Most ovarian teratomas are benign, but there is a certain chance of malignancy, and they are more common in postmenopausal women.
The nature of the ovarian teratoma is determined by pathologic examination. If the teratoma is benign, surgery is usually recommended. In younger patients, ovarian teratoma debulking may be performed. In postmenopausal women, adnexectomy of the affected side may be performed. Consultation with a medical professional is recommended for specific cases.