Advanced emphysema is characterized by progressive dyspnea and heart failure. Emphysema refers to the gradual loss of airway elasticity at the distal end of the terminal bronchioles, with hyperinflation and increased lung volume, and the more advanced the patient, the higher the degree of destruction of the airway wall. Many patients with advanced disease present with right heart failure, arrhythmias, chest tightness, and also generalized edema. Patients with advanced emphysema may also have progressive dyspnea, which can lead to increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide and decreased partial pressure of oxygen, resulting in respiratory failure, or even tracheotomy and intubation, and the use of a ventilator for assisted respiration to prolong life. Complications may also occur in advanced emphysema, such as spontaneous pneumothorax, gastric ulcers, and sleep apnea. If the clinical symptoms of dyspnea and heart failure appear, it is necessary to go to the corresponding department of the hospital in time, and standardize the treatment under the guidance of the doctor to improve the survival rate.