Pulmonary encephalopathy is a neuropsychiatric symptom due to chronic pneumothoracic disease and other diseases with respiratory failure, resulting in hypoxemia and hypercapnia, with the main focus on removing the causative factors, dealing with respiratory failure and other symptomatic treatment. 1. Remove the causative factors: infection is the most common causative factor, and effective antibiotics, such as cephalosporins (e.g. ceftriaxone, etc.) and macrolides (e.g. azithromycin, etc.), should be selected according to clinical manifestations, sputum culture and drug sensitivity results. 2. Handling respiratory failure: establishing artificial airway and implementing assisted mechanical respiration are the best indications and effective measures to rescue pulmonary encephalopathy. Mechanical ventilation should be used as early as possible when pulmonary encephalopathy does not improve significantly after short-term treatment as mentioned above. 3. Other symptomatic treatments: such as timely correction of electrolyte disorders and acid-base balance imbalance, upper gastrointestinal bleeding can be used to stop bleeding drugs (such as growth inhibitors, etc.), acid-suppressing drugs (such as omeprazole, etc.) and gastrointestinal decompression. Antiepileptic and antipsychotic drugs can be applied when necessary. It is recommended that patients with chronic pneumothoracic disease do a good job of managing their daily lives and seek medical attention if they feel unwell, so as to avoid delaying their condition. The above drugs need to be standardized and rationally applied under the guidance of professional physicians and pharmacists.