Recently, the 2012 China Tumor Registry Annual Report released by the National Tumor Registry shows that there are about 3.12 million new tumor cases in China every year, with an average of 8,550 people being struck every day, 6 people being diagnosed with cancer every minute, and 5 people dying from cancer, and the probability of people getting cancer in their lifetime is 22%. Among them, lung cancer, stomach cancer and liver cancer become the cancers with the highest incidence and mortality rate, while breast cancer, colorectal cancer and cervical cancer are also among the high incidence cancers. Statistics show that the high incidence of cancer is closely related to unhealthy lifestyles, and the incidence and mortality rates of cancer are higher in men than in women. From the data of the past 10 years, the cancer incidence rate in China is gradually increasing, while the change of cancer mortality rate is relatively stable, and the mortality rate of certain cancers, such as esophageal cancer, is also decreasing. The distribution of cancer spectrum in China shows the coexistence of developing and developed countries: lung cancer, female breast cancer and colorectal cancer are highly prevalent in urban areas, while digestive tract tumors such as stomach cancer, liver cancer and esophageal cancer are relatively high in rural areas. Areas with high incidence of lung cancer: Northeast China and Yunnan Province; areas with high mortality: Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Northeast China, and coastal areas of Zhejiang Province. At present, the incidence of lung cancer in China is increasing by 26.9% per year. If effective control measures are not taken in time, it is expected that by 2025, China will reach 1 million lung cancer patients and become the world’s number one lung cancer country! Among the causes of lung cancer incidence, some high incidence areas in Northeast China and Yunnan share a common feature, that is, the mining industry is relatively concentrated and the severely polluted air allows a large amount of carcinogenic substances to erode people’s lungs and induce cancer. In fact, as the incidence of lung cancer in China is rapidly increasing, the geographical and gender differences are becoming less and less obvious. Smoking is the main culprit in inducing lung cancer. There are thousands of chemical substances and hundreds of harmful substances in tobacco, and there are 69 substances known to be related to lung cancer or cancer-related. The longer the exposure to tobacco, the greater the exposure, the higher the chance of getting sick. Statistics show that 9 out of 10 patients who die of lung cancer are smokers. In addition to active smokers, those who are often forced to smoke “secondhand” are also more likely to suffer from lung cancer. Environmental factors, such as car exhaust, hazy days, industrial pollution, etc., have brought people closer to lung cancer, which can be said to be a “man-made disaster”. Air pollution is divided into two types: outdoor air pollution: such as car exhaust, sand, chemical and petroleum coal residue particles, etc.; indoor air pollution: such as second-hand smoke, third-hand smoke, kitchen fumes and interior decoration materials, etc., which are also important factors in exceeding the PM2.5 standard. In recent years, the lung cancer rate of non-smoking women in China has increased significantly. In addition to second-hand smoke, third-hand smoke, kitchen pollution and house decoration material pollution, air pollution, environmental factors and psychological factors are also causes of the disease, which is a new topic in the field of lung cancer research. Experts suggest a “three-level prevention” program for different groups of people: First-level prevention: etiological prevention For healthy people, it mainly includes: 1) not smoking and staying away from second-hand smoke; 2) eating more cereals, vegetables, fruits and potatoes; 3) avoiding outdoor polluted air and kitchen fumes; 4) using environmentally friendly decoration materials; 5) keeping an optimistic attitude towards life. Maintain an optimistic attitude towards life. Secondary prevention: early diagnosis and treatment For high-risk groups, the high-risk groups of lung cancer include: 1. history of smoking and smoking index greater than 400 cigarettes/year; 2. history of high-risk occupational exposure (e.g. exposure to asbestos); 3. family history of lung cancer; 4. age 45 years or older. Tertiary prevention: rehabilitative prevention, for lung cancer patients, must follow medical advice to review in hospital, take various means to prevent deterioration, recurrence and metastasis, prolong patients’ survival and improve their quality of life, and promote recovery. Self-prevention: For the sake of yourself and everyone around you, smokers should quit smoking as soon as possible. Smoking should be completely banned in public places. More importantly, people over 45 years old with a long history of smoking should have a physical examination once a year to detect early lung cancer through low-dose spiral CT examination of the lungs.