Benign gallbladder diseases mainly include gallbladder stones, gallbladder polyp-like lesions, stone gallbladder inflammation and non-stone gallbladder inflammation. Their treatment, timing of surgery and surgical modalities are influenced by a variety of factors. (1) presence or absence of symptoms: most benign gallbladder diseases do not have a tendency to become malignant during their natural course; therefore, the presence or absence of clinical symptoms that affect daily work life is the main factor in deciding whether a patient needs surgical treatment. For asymptomatic gallbladder stones or polyps, etc. Plus selective and random removal of the gallbladder. For those who show non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms, the presence of concomitant liver, pancreas, stomach, intestine and other organ diseases should be carefully excluded or clarified before deciding whether surgical treatment is needed. (2) Availability of function: The gallbladder has physiological functions such as storage, concentration and secretion of bile as well as regulation of bile duct pressure, which plays an important role in the digestion and absorption of food. The gallbladder mucosa can still secrete mucus and IgA antibodies, which are involved in building the immune defense system of the biliary tract. Most of the long-term complications after cholecystectomy are related to the loss of normal physiological functions of the gallbladder in patients. When deciding whether to treat surgically and whether to preserve the gallbladder, whether the gallbladder has normal function should be taken as an important reference basis. (3) The presence or absence of inflammation: the presence or absence of inflammation and the severity of inflammation are important factors in determining the regression and outcome of benign gallbladder disease. For patients with acute gallbladder inflammation secondary to gallbladder gangrene or perforation or where conservative treatment is expected to be ineffective, emergency surgery or percutaneous gallbladder decompression should be chosen to avoid more serious complications. (4) The presence of complications: benign gallbladder disease can be followed by complications such as common bile duct stones, acute cholangitis, acute pancreatitis, Mirizzi syndrome, biliary-enteric fistula, and stone intestinal obstruction, etc. These patients should be treated accordingly according to the type and severity of the complications. (5) Malignancy: Some benign gallbladder diseases may develop gallbladder cancer during their long-term course. Patients at high risk of developing gallbladder cancer should be treated with aggressive surgical intervention. For patients with suspected malignancy, careful differential diagnosis or limited surgical removal of the diseased gallbladder should be performed.